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Nur221 - Foundation of Nursing > T2 - Nutrition and Skin Intergrity > Flashcards

T2 - Nutrition and Skin Intergrity Flashcards

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1
Q

Which nutrient relates to improved would healing or pressure injuries?

A

Macronutrient - protein

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2
Q

What supplement would you give to hemoglobin deficient and blood loss?

A

Micronutrient - Iron

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3
Q
  • Avoid liver, steak, shellfish, eggs
  • Minimal or no added salts
  • Increase beans, chicken, and salmon
A

Low-cholesterol (cardiac) Diet

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4
Q
  • Contain reduced or artificial sugar
  • Protein, whole grains, and non-starchy veggies
  • Avoid food that are high on carbs
A

Diabetic (consistent carbs) Diet

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5
Q
  • Prevent dehydration and supplies some simple carbs to help meet energy needs
  • Jello, black coffee, water, juices w/o pulps, broth
A

Clears Diet

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6
Q
  • abbreviation for Nothing By Mouth
  • no more than 3 days, schedule procedures early
  • ice chips, hard candy, gum, sips of water — only if ordered
A

NPO

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7
Q
  • 1g = 4kcal
  • Primary energy source
  • Increase insulin secretion
  • Increase satiety
A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

Simple carbohydrate

A

Sugars

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9
Q

Complex carbohydrate

A

Polysaccharides

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10
Q
  • 1g = 4kcal
  • Secondary source of energy
  • Tissue building
  • Nitrogen, fluid, acid-base balance
  • Made oof amino acids
A

Proteins

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11
Q

Supplied by diet, body doesn’t make this

A

Essential amino acids

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12
Q

Synthesized, body is able to make

A

Nonessential amino acids

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13
Q

Hall all essential amino acids (12) needed for protein synthesis

A

Complete protein

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14
Q

Don’t provide all amino acids, but eating two of these gets all

A

Incomplete protein

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15
Q
  • 1g = 9kcal
  • Key component of lipoprotein
  • Back-up energy source
  • Organ insulation, protection, cholesterol
A

Fats (lipids)

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16
Q

Solid at room temperature

A

Fats

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17
Q

Liquid at room temperature

A

Oil

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18
Q

Nurse’s responsibility

A

The only ones who can interpret and evaluate data

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19
Q
  • Assess for dehydration
  • Avoid salty foods
  • Avoid strong odors or perfumes
  • Pt sit upright for 30 mins after eating
  • Treat underlying issue
A

Nursing interventions for Nausea

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20
Q
  • Speech therapy consult for swallow study
  • Dysphagia diet: chopped food, thickened liquids, no straws
  • Sit upright after meals
  • Look for pocketing of food in mouth
  • Monitor for coughing
A

Nursing interventions for Aspiration

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21
Q

What’s the use for folic acid?

A

Given to women during pregnancy and childbearing age

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22
Q

What is the use for iron?

A

Wound healing

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23
Q

Why do we check albumin and prealbumin?

A

They both look at protein levels in the body

24
Q

Prealbumin

A

Most helpful test to help protein, changes daily

25
Q

Albumin

A
  • 60% body protein
  • Formed in liver
  • Long half-life
26
Q

How to assess, use, and flush NG tubes or PEG tubes?

A
  • Check placement with X-ray
  • Check residual, make sure it isn’t high or a lot
  • Flush 15-30mL before and after use
27
Q
  • Tube feeding through the stomach
  • Associated risks: aspiration, infection s/t high glucose in feed formula, diarrhea, nausea, absorption
A

Enteral feeding

28
Q
  • IV nutrition
  • Delivered through: central line or PICC line
A

Parenteral nutrition (PN)

29
Q

Calculating BMR

A

Female: 0.9 kcal/kg
Male: 1 kcal/kg
1 kg = 2.2 lbs

30
Q

How do wounds heal?

A

Primary intention, Secondary intention, and Tertiary intention

31
Q
  • Wound heals with surgically help
  • Clean surgical incision/edges approximated
  • Clean incision > early suture > hairline scar
A

Primary intention

32
Q
  • Wound left open and heals naturally
  • Wound edges not approximated, from from inside out
  • Gaping irregular wound > granulation > epithelium grows over scar
A

Secondary intention

33
Q
  • Leave wound open and later suture the wound close
  • Primary + secondary
A

Tertiary intention

34
Q

What are our priority concerns for patients with wounds?

A

Keep them from Infection

35
Q

Wound drainage clear/straw colored, thin

A

Serous exudate

36
Q

Wound drainage is red/bloody, thin

A

Sanguineous

37
Q

Wound drainage is pink tinged (mixed wit bloody and straw colored fluid)

A

Serosanguineous

38
Q

Yellowish, dead skin tissue

A

Slough

39
Q

Black, dead skin tissue

A

Eschar

40
Q

Yellow, green, white, contains pus
- means there’s an infection

A

Purulent

41
Q

Intrinsic (internal) risk factors for pressure injuries

A

Immobility, impaired sensation, poor nutrition, dehydration, aging, fever, infection, edema

42
Q

Extrinsic (external) risk factors for pressure injuries

A

Friction, pressure, shearing, moisture

43
Q

Non-blanchable, intact skin, redness

A

Stage I

44
Q

Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis

A

Stage II

45
Q

Full thickness skin loss, no slough or necrosis
- may see fat

A

Stage III

46
Q

Full thickness and tissue loss
- wound is through the skin and into muscle, tendon, bone, or cartilage

A

Stage IV

47
Q

Eschar in the wound bed, can’t assess depth

A

Unstageable

48
Q

Involves only epidermis layer

A

Superficial wounds

49
Q

Goes through epidermis and dermis layer

A

Partial-thickness wound

50
Q

All the way into subcutaneous fat, muscle, or bone

A

Full-thickness wound

51
Q
  • Reposition pt every 2hrs
  • Keep them dry
  • Pad bony areas
  • Give protein intake
A

Nursing intervention for pressure injuries

52
Q

Occurs from decreased blood flow or bad circulation to an area of the body

A

Pressure injuries

53
Q
  • Meticulous skin care and moisture control
  • Adequate nutrition
  • Frequent repositioning
  • Therapeutic mattresses
  • Client/family teaching
A

Nursing interventions for pressure injuries

54
Q

Components of Braden Scale

A
  • Sensory perception
  • Moisture
  • Activity
  • Mobility
  • Nutrition
  • Friction or shear
55
Q

Total score is less than 18 on the Braden Scale

A

Pt is high risk of pressure injury

Nur221 - Foundation of Nursing (3 decks)

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