T2 Introductory Arthrology & Myology

Question 1

Define Joint

Answer 1

A joint is a union between two or more parts of the skeleton

Question 2

What are the three types of joints

Answer 2

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 3

Fibrous joints

Answer 3

Fibrous material joins the bone ends together

Amount of movement depends on the length of the fibres

Subtypes:

• Sutures
• Syndesmosis

Question 4

Sutures

Answer 4

Immoveable

Length of fibre is relatively small

E.g. between bones of the skull

Question 5

Syndesmosis

Answer 5

Slightly moveable

Length of fibre is relatively large compared to sutures

E.g. between the radius and ulna of the forearm

Question 6

Cartilaginous

Answer 6

Cartilaginous material joins the bone end together

Amount of movement depends on the type of cartilaginous joint

Subtypes:

• Primary cartilaginous/synchondrosis
• Secondary cartilaginous/symphysis

Question 7

Primary cartilaginous/synchondrosis

Answer 7

Immoveable

E.g. costochondral joint

Question 8

Secondary cartilaginous/symphysis

Answer 8

Slightly moveable

Intervertebral joints

Question 9

Synovial

Answer 9

Freely moveable

Synovial membrane lines the fibrous capsule and produces synovial fluid

Bone ends are shaped to fit one another and are lined with articular cartilage allowing bones to slide on one another

Fibrous joint capsule maintaining joint cavity

Question 10

Classifications of synovial joints by degree of freedom

Answer 10

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial

Question 11

Uniaxial

Answer 11

One pair of movements

Question 12

Biaxial

Answer 12

Two pairs of movements

Question 13

Multiaxial

Answer 13

Three pairs of movements

Question 14

Classification of synovial joints by structure

Answer 14

Hinge
Pivot

Ellipsoid
Condyloid
Saddle

Ball & Socket
Plane