(T2) History of Education Flashcards
Topic 2
Describe the education system pre-1870s
Education was private, often religious or charity-based. Access was unequal, influenced by social class, wealth, and gender. Many children, especially poor ones, had no formal education.
What changes occurred in education during 1870-1930s?
The 1870 Education Act introduced state responsibility, creating school boards and compulsory education for some age groups. The system remained unequal, with wealthier children attending better schools.
What were the main aims of the 1988 Education Act?
Introduced marketisation with policies like league tables, Ofsted inspections, formula funding, and parental choice. Aimed to raise standards but critics say it led to inequalities and “teach to the test.”
What was the impact of the 1944 Education Act?
Introduced the Tripartite System (grammar, technical, secondary modern) with the 11+ exam. Aimed for meritocracy but was critiqued for social class bias, favoring middle-class pupils.
Why were comprehensive schools introduced in the 1960s-1970s?
Replaced the Tripartite System to provide equal opportunities for all pupils, regardless of ability or class. Aimed to reduce social inequalities, but challenges like setting/streaming persisted.
What policies did New Labour (1997-2010) introduce?
Focused on reducing inequalities, raising standards, and supporting further education (e.g., EMA, Sure Start). Introduced academies and targeted literacy/numeracy improvement.
What were the key features of the ‘Govian’ Revolution (2010-2023)?
Focus on school autonomy (academies, free schools), traditional subjects, and the Pupil Premium (additional funding for schools in England to support disadvantaged students, aiming to close the achievement gap and improve educational outcomes). Post-Covid focus on addressing learning losses and mental health support, with compulsory resits in English and maths.
What are global education models like those in Scandinavia and China?
Scandinavian models (e.g., Finland) emphasize equity and high-quality teaching. Chinese models focus on academic achievement, STEM subjects, and high parental expectations. Globalisation has influenced UK policies like academies and free schools.
