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Chemistry > T2 Final Exam - Definitions and Formulas > Flashcards

T2 Final Exam - Definitions and Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

Solution

A

A homogenous mixture, one in which components are uniformly intermingled

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2
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid portion in which solue is dissolved

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3
Q

Solue

A

Solid that is dissolved in liquid portion or solvent

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4
Q

Molarity (M)

A

Measure of how concentrated a solution is

  • % also measures concentration
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5
Q

How to calculate Mass Percentage?

A

Mass Percentage= mass of solute (g)

mass of solution

  • Mass of solution= mass of solute+solvent
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6
Q

How to calculate Molarity?

A

Molarity= mols. of solute (mol)

Volume of solution (L)

M=mols

V

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7
Q

Dilutions

A

M1V1=M2V2

  • M1= Concentration of the original solution
  • V1= Volume of original solution
  • M2= Concentration of desired solution
  • V2= Volume of desired solution
  • Dilutions can be measured in mL
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8
Q

Solubility Rules

A
  1. Soluble - Forms an aqueous (aq)
  2. Insoluble - Forms a solid (s) precipitate
  3. Water - Always labeled as liquid (l)
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9
Q

Bronsted-Lowry and Arrhenius definition of acids and bases

A

Arrhenius Definition - Acid is an H+ ion and OH- ion is a base

Bronstead Lowry Definition - Acid is a proton (H+) donor and a base is a proton (H+) accpetor.

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10
Q

Symbols for the following ions:

  1. Hydrogen ion
  2. Hydronium ion
  3. Hydroxide ion
A
  1. H+
  2. H3O+
  3. OH-
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11
Q

Conjugate Base Pair

A

Related by the donating and accepting of one proton

HCl + H2O → H3O++Cl-

HCl= acid

H2O= base

H3O+= conjugate acid (H+ is added)

Cl-= conjugate base (H+ is removed)

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12
Q

What is the ion product constant for water? (Kw)

A

(OH-) x (H+) = 1 x 10-14

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13
Q

Water as An Acid and a Base

A

(H+) = 1 x 10-14

(OH-)

(OH-) = 1 x 10-14

(H+)

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14
Q

pH scale

A
  • pH + pOH = 14
  • pH = -log (H+)
  • pOH = -log (OH-)
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15
Q

Calculating pH from (OH-)

A

​​

  1. Find H+
    1. ​(H+)= 1 x 10-14 / (OH-)
  2. Use H+ to find the pH
    1. ​pH = -log (H+)
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16
Q

Calculate pOH from (H+)

A
  1. Find (OH-)
    1. ​(OH-) = ( 1 x 10-14) / (H+)
  2. Find pOH​
    1. pOH = -log (OH-)
17
Q

Buffer

A

A buffer solution resists the change in pH when a strong acid or base is added to it

18
Q

Red

A

Chemistry (3 decks)

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