T2-Administering Medications (based off PPT) Flashcards
U.S Drug Legislation or Nurse Practice Acts?: Sets official drug standards
U.S Drug Legislation
U.S Drug Legislation or Nurse Practice Acts?: Defines prescription drugs
U.S Drug Legislation
U.S Drug Legislation or Nurse Practice Acts?: Regulates controlled substances
U.S Drug Legislation
U.S Drug Legislation or Nurse Practice Acts?: Improves safety
U.S Drug Legislation
U.S Drug Legislation or Nurse Practice Acts?: Requires proof of efficacy
U.S Drug Legislation
U.S Drug Legislation or Nurse Practice Acts?: Identifies nursing responsibilities for administration and client monitoring
Nurse Practice Acts
What are the 4 medication systems?
Stock supply
Unit dose
Automated dispenser
Self-administration
Which medication system is this: Password accessible locked cart
Automated dispenser
Which medication system is this: bulk quantity
Stock supply
Which medication system is this: Individually packaged
Unit dose
Which medication system is this: Individual containers
Self-administration
Which medication system is this: central location
Stock supply
Which medication system is this: Client-specific drawers
Unit dose
Which medication system is this: Not client-specific
Stock
Which medication system is this: Kept at client’s bedside
Self-administration
Which medication system is this: Computerized tracking
Automated dispenser
Which medication system is this: 24 hour supply
Unit dose
Can automated dispensers combine stock and unit doses?
Yes
What is pharmacokinetics?
What happens to the drug in the body
What is pharmacodynamics?
How the drug affects the body
What are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What is movement of the drug into the bloodstream?
Absorption
What are 4 factors that affect absorption?
Route of administration
Drug solubility
pH/ionization
Blood flow
What is distribution?
Drug transport to tissues and organs
What 3 factors affect distribution?
Local blood flow
Membrane permeability
Protein-binding capacity
Biotransformation is apart of which pharmacokinetic process?
Metabolism
What is biotransformation?
Chemical conversion of drug
What are 3 factors affecting metabolism?
Liver function
Health/disease status
First-pass effect
What is elimination of the drug?
Excretion
What are 2 factors affecting excretion?
Organ function (especially the kidneys, liver and lungs) Exocrine glands
What are 4 concepts related to pharmacokinetics?
Time until onset and peak
Therapeutic range
Half-life
Concentration of active drug
What are primary effects of drug? (5)
- therapeutic effects
- predicted
- intended
- desired
- why the drug was prescribed
What are secondary effects of drugs? (3)
- Unintended
- nontherapeutic
- can be predictable, harmless, or harmful
What are types of secondary effects?
Side-effects Adverse reactions Toxic reactions Allergic reactions Idiosyncratic reactions Cumulative effect
What are the three drug interactions?
Antagonistic
Synergistic
Incompatibilities
Types of med orders? (5)
Written Automatic "stop" date STAT Standing PRN
How can communication of orders happen?
Handwritten
Preprinted
Orally
Telephone
What are the 6 components of the med order/prescription?
- Clients full name
- Date and time
- Name of med
- Dosage size, frequency, and number of doses
- Route of administration
- Printed name and signature or prescriber, including relevant credentials and legal registration number
What are your three checks? (example of pouring liquid)
one: before you pour (check medication label against the MAR)
two: after you pour (verify label against the MAR)
three: At the bedside (check med again)
What are the 6 rights?
Right drug Right client Right dose Right time Right route Right documentation
What are the 3 other rights (I know there are 4 others but she only listed 3 in ppt)
Right reason
Right to know
Right to refuse
What is the most common used route of med administration?
Oral
What all is included for oral route?
Tabs, pills, caps, liquids, buccal, sublingual, enteral meds
Where are topical meds applied?
Directly to body surface/body cavities
What kind of effects can topical meds have (local, systemic, or both)?
Local (and sometimes systemic)
What are examples of topical meds?
Lotions, creams, ointments Transdermal patches Eye and ear Nasal Vaginal Rectal
What are ways to avoid med errors?
- Arrive to work well rested and undistracted
- Use 6 rights
- Calculate doses carefully; double check with second RN
- Watch for drugs with similar names
- Watch for clients with the same last name
- Clarify unfmailar drug names and dosages or illegible orders
- Avoid abbreviations
- Know and use your resources
- Keep up with changes in med orders
What is the first thing you do if you have committed a medication error?
Immediately assess the patents VS and physical status
What is the second thing you do if you committed a med error?
Report findings to primary care provider
What is the third thing you do if you committed a med error?
Notify nurse manager of your unit and report the event surround the error.
*Check with your institution for agency-specific policy regarding incident reporting
How are meds ordered?
Standing Schedule PRN Now STAT On call One time dose
How are med orders given?
Written
Verbal
Telephone
Verbal and telephone orders must be ______
Repeated back for clarification
Can nursing students take med orders?
No
When teaching about meds we should teach the client, family, and/or the significant others. We should use aids appropriate to our patients level of education. What do we need to teach them about?
Drug Purpose Dose Route Schedule Side effects When to notify prescriber
