T1.Chapter13.ChildSexualAbuse

Question 1

Define Sexual Abuse

Answer 1

Any sexual activity below the age of consent (14-18)

Question 2

What is the age of consent in Texas?

Answer 2

17

Question 3

T or F

Most sexual abuse is not committed by parents.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In _____ percent of child sexual abuse cases, the perpetrator is the father or stepfather

Answer 4

16%

Question 5

T or F

African and caucasian women have similar rates of sexual abuse.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

______ women have a slightly lower stats of sexual abuse than African and Caucasian women.

Answer 6

Asian

Question 7

________ women are at an increased risk of incestuous abuse.

Answer 7

Hispanic

Question 8

_________ report higher rates of sexual abuse than Anglo.

Answer 8

Latino

Question 9

What are the characteristics of sexual abuse experiences?

Answer 9

• multiple episodes are common
• compared to girls, boys are older at the onset of victimization, more likely to be abused by non family members, and more likely to be abused by women and repeat offenders

Question 10

What are some risk factors for sexual abuse?

Answer 10

• girls are at a higher risk than boys
• increased risk if living without one of their natural parents, mother is unavailable, or percieve their life as unhappy
• psychological or cognitive vulnerability or disability are at increased risk.

Question 11

What are two ways sexual abuse is perpetrated?

Answer 11

occurs without warning
- offenders engage in a gradual process of sexualizing the relationship over time. (offenders may conceal the sexual nature of the activity by characterizing it as nonsexual e.g hygiene, education, or may encourage the child to consider the relationship as mutual.

Question 12

How would a adolescent victim perceive the abuse as consensuall?

Answer 12

• an adult (coach, teacher, youth leader, or other trusted individual) persuades the youth that the relationship is exceptional or a socially ostracized form of “true love.”
• youth agrees to participate in exchange for rewards such as money, access to illicit activities such as drinking or drugs, or simply for the experience.

Question 13

How does Lanning describe “compliant victims?”

Answer 13

In these cases, the offenders are exploiting normal adolescent developmental processes that may make them especially vulnerable to participation in illegal sexual experiences.

Question 14

What is a polyvictim?

Answer 14

someone who has been exposed to a traumatic event more than once.

Question 15

Finkelhor, Ormrod, and Turner (2009) descrive a subsample comprising 22% of children who are “polyvictims” who have had an average of _____ victimizations.

Answer 15

4

Question 16

What are the 3 risk factors for adverse effects?

Answer 16

1) Preabuse. (history of prior trauma and psychological problems, particularly anxiety conditions. Children with anxiety conditions are more likely to develop PTSD.)
2) Nature of the abuse. (more serious abuse is associated with worse outcome. abuse that involves violence or injury is more potentially harmful. Percieved life threat can lead to PTSD. multiple episodes of abuse over time.)
3) Response when a child disclosed CSA. (the response children receive when they report the abuse or when it becomes known. a negative response is associated with more harmful effects.)