T14S4 Critical Thinking Flashcards
What is crescent shaped on the short axis?
The RV
The sternum is directly anterior to what parts of the heart?
The RV
The PA
What is haemodynamics?
Pressure and volume changes in the CVS due to physiological or pathological adaptation or lack thereof.
Haemodynamic findings that must be explained
Chamber dilation
Impaired ventricular function
Ventricular hypertrophy
Murmurs
What effect would a pressure overload in the LV cause and what condition would cause this?
LVH caused by AS
What effect would a volume overload in the LV cause and what pathological conditions would cause this?
LV dilation caused by MI, AI, VSD, PDA
What conditions can cause a dilated heart with a normal EF?
Familial DCM
Athlete’s heart
LVEF is normally more than?
55%
How would the EF of a myopathic heart compare to a volume overloaded one?
It would be lower
What conditions can cause a dilated heart with a reduced EF?
DCM
Remodelled ischaemic LV
Decompensated pressure or volume overload state
What causes LV pressure overload?
Aortic obstruction
Systemic hypertension
What cause haemodynamic remodelling of the right heart chambers?
Pulmonary hypertension PS and PI TI ASD RV myocardial problem
What measurements can be used to determine LV filling pressue?
LVEDP
LAP
E/E’
What causes LA dilation?
Pulmonary Hpt MS and MI Longstanding AF ASD, VSD, PDA Pregnancy and Athlete
What problems cause low flow out of the ventricles?
Ejection and filling problems
