T1 | Threats to Data

Question 1

Data held by organisations causes 2 issues?

Answer 1

1. Integrity

2. Security

Question 2

Data Integrity

Answer 2

Keeping data accurate and complete

Question 3

Data Security

Answer 3

Keeping data safe from being stolen or misused

Question 4

One way that data is destroyed/lost?

Answer 4

Accidental damage

Question 5

Compromised data statistics

Answer 5

7 billion user accounts in total

Question 6

Malware

Answer 6

Designed to compromise computer functions, cause damage or steal data

Question 7

Virus

Answer 7

1. Software program (attaches to program)
2. Has to be run by the user (once run it replicates itself)
3. Viruses can steal info

Question 8

BotNet

Answer 8

1. A collection of internet-connected devices known as zombies
2. Spread across IoT devices

Question 9

Examples of what a BotNet will do?

Answer 9

1. Launch attacks on sites
2. Send spam
3. Launch phishing attacks

Question 10

Virus effects

Answer 10

1. Slowdown PC (freeze/crash PC)
2. Will modify/delete files
3. Thrash HDD and print solid black pages (to break HDD and printer)

Question 11

Worms

Answer 11

Uses PC networks and security holes to replicate itself

Question 12

What do Worms do?

Answer 12

1. Designed to steal/delete data

2. DDoS attacks

Question 13

Trojan Horse

Answer 13

Users are tricked by an advert/cracked software/fake email | The user will run the software containing the Trojan

Question 14

What do Trojans do?

Answer 14

1. May delete/copy/modify data
2. Modify PC performance
3. Ransomware can be installed via this

Question 15

Ransomware

Answer 15

Holds users data at ransom by encrypting files. Only a payment will give you the decryption key to get your data back

Question 16

How to limit effects of Ransomware?

Answer 16

1. Create backups

2. Regularly scan for viruses

Question 17

Denial of Service Attack (DoS)

Answer 17

Causes a huge increase of traffic to a particular server, making it slow down or shut down

Question 18

Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS)

Answer 18

Multiple systems flooding the server (carried out via a BotNet)

Question 19

Spyware

Answer 19

Used to track your activity (e.g. keylogger)

Question 20

Effects of Spyware

Answer 20

1. Slow down PC

2. Loss of data

Question 21

Spreading Malware

Answer 21

1. Portable devices (USB)

2. Links on emails

Question 22

Hacker definition

Answer 22

Someone who breaks into computer systems

Question 23

Black Hat

Answer 23

Illegal activity such as writing malware

Question 24

White Hat

Answer 24

Finds vulnerabilities and weaknesses with companies permission

Question 25

Grey Hat

Answer 25

Finds vulnerabilities without permission. if issues are found they ask for payment, if no fee is paid, then it may be released to the public

Question 26

Motivations of Hacking

Answer 26

1. Financial gain
2. Data theft/identity theft
3. Disruption (protest)
4. Personal attack

Question 27

Password cracking

Answer 27

May use software that tries combinations (brute force attack)

Question 28

What is Phishing?

Answer 28

Type of scam, usually a fraudulent email that appears to come from a legitimate company

Question 29

What percentage of phishing scams work?

Answer 29

5%

Question 30

Phishing scams - What to look out for?

Answer 30

1. Impersonal greeting (e.g. dear valued customer)
2. Sense of urgency
3. Poor spelling/grammar
4. Requests personal information