T.1 PHYLOLOGY AND LIT. SCIENCE

Question 1

What is philology?

Answer 1

is the study of a language, its literature and culture in order to understand it
better

Question 2

What is Literary Science?

Answer 2

is analyzing texts, comparing them and discovering what comes before
and after them

Question 3

What is the difference between natural and human sciences?

Answer 3

• the object they study. While human sciences study products created by humans, natural sciences study objects outside the human being (nature…)
• Human creations can be understood, but not predicted. While the object of natural science is to predict, the goal of human science is to understand

Question 4

History of Literature Science: what are the three schools

Answer 4

Psychocritics, russian formalism, empirism Literaturwissenschaft

Question 5

Psychocritics

Answer 5

attempt to understand the author’s mind by analyzing their literary works
(Freud).

Question 6

Russian Formalism

Answer 6

Russian Formalism: The goal of the real literary science has to be literature itself. Russian
formalists realized that there was a difference on how you use language in a work of art, and how you use language in a daily basis. Such difference lies in the shape/form of the literary work of art. Upon that realization, they placed the text at the center of their studies 1 . (Viktor Schklovski is an example of this ideal “art as a device”; O. Brik studying rhythm…)

(Defamiliarization)

Question 7

Empirism Literaturwissenschaft

Answer 7

It’s the attempt to leave any trace of subjectivity out
of literature and literary studies, in order to find literary laws.

Question 8

What are the 3 subjects of Literary Science?

Answer 8

1. Literary history
2. Literary Criticism
3. Literary Theory

Question 9

Definition of Literary History

Answer 9

Literary history is a literary scientific discipline, therefore, a philological discipline, that approaches the study of literature from a chronological point of view.
(Diachronic)

Question 10

Definition of Literary Criticism

Answer 10

Literary Criticism is a literary scientific discipline, therefore a philological discipline that approaches the texts from an analytical point of view (understanding it before). In order to access, evaluate and judge them
(practical,particular and specific)

Question 11

Definition of Literary Theory

Answer 11

Literary theory is a literary scientific discipline, therefore a philological discipline that studies literary texts in order to describe them from a general abstract and theoretical point of view
Its object of study are literary texts, wether written or oral.
(Theoretical, general and abstract)