T1 L20: Transplantation immunology Flashcards
What does syngeneic mean?
Transplantation between the same genetic code (twins)
What does allogeneic mean?
Transplantation between the same species, different genetic background
What does autologous mean?
Transplantation between yourself
What does xenogeneic mean?
Transplantation between different species
What is warm and cold ischaemic time in transplantation?
Warm: in the process of attachment or detachment from the body
Cold: detached from the body and in a cold preservation solution
What happens in acute rejection?
Antibodies against the donor HLA develop after transplantation
It can be reduced or prevented by HLA matching of donor and recipient
What is a pericyte?
Pericytes, spatially isolated contractile cells on capillaries, have been reported to control cerebral blood flow physiologically
What is hyperacute rejection?
Very early destruction of the graft caused by antibodies
What is chimerism in transplantation?
A state in which donor hematopoietic cells are present in a recipient organism after either allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
Eg. liver transplants don’t need to be matched because they induce chimerism. It causes mixing of the different immune systems and prevents rejection
What is chronic rejection?
Causes chronic vascular damage because of proliferation and thickening of the vascular walls so there is reduction in blood supply
It happens over months or years
Which signals can be supressed to cause immunosuppression?
Anti-CD3 which directly interferes with the CD4 MHC interaction
Cyclosporin A interferes with the lower down signals which interfere with gene transcription
Sirolimus, Everolimus, Azathiorpine mess with metabolism
Glucocorticosteroids supress inflammation
Leflunomide interferes with nucleotide synthesis
What does calcineurin inhibition mean?
Uses cyclosporin A, Tacrolimus to inhibit cytokine synthesis
What does anti-proliferative immunosuppression mean?
Uses Azathioprine, MMF to inhibit clonal expansions
What does anti0inflammatory immunosuppression mean?
Using corticosteroids to inhibit NFkb, cytokine synthesis and action
