T1 L15: Role of cytokines and chemokines Flashcards
What are cytokines?
Proteins produced by cells that have an effect on the immune system
What is the mechanism of action of cytokines?
They bind to specific membrane receptors which are associated with Janus kinases (JAK’s)
JAK’s will phosphorylate STAT proteins
What is cytokine pleitropy?
The higher the pleiotropy, the more cell types or tissues are targeted
What is cytokine redundancy?
Many cytokines may have the same effect
What is a cytokine storm?
A severe immune reaction in which the body releases too many cytokines into the blood too quickly
What are chemokines?
-A group of cytokines that stimulate the migration of cells
What is haptotaxis?
Haptotaxis is the directional motility or outgrowth of cells (chemotaxis)
How are chemokines named?
Depending on how many carbons there are in the middle of the structure
Eg. C, CC, CXC, CX3C
What are some TNF-mediated effects?
- Tissue damage
- Endothelial activation
- Endothelial leakage/shock
- Catabolic hormone release
- Lipid depletion
- Acute phase protein release
- Insulin resistance
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Fever
- Anorexia
Give examples of conditions involving TNF
- Sepsis
- Adult respiratory distress syndrome
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Crohn’s disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Psoriasis
What is the diagnostic use of IL-1beta?
Inflammation, ventilator associated pneumonia
What is the diagnostic use of IL-3/13/21?
Blunt chest trauma severity
What is the diagnostic use of IL-6/8?
Inflammation, new-born sepsis, chorioamnionitis
What is the diagnostic use of IL-10?
CNS large B-cell lymph
What is the diagnostic use of interferon-gamma?
TB in pleural fluid
