T1 L2: Topography of the brain

Question 1

Development of the brain - Neuralation

Answer 1

Neuroectoderm cells receive signals from the notochord
The cells thicken to form the neural plate
Lateral plates fold inwards to form the neural tube

Question 2

What do neural cells differentiate into?

Answer 2

Neurons and Glia of sensory and ANS
Skeletal/CT of the skull
Cells of the adrenal gland
Epidermis

Question 3

What are the layers of the embryonic neural tube? (day 24)

Answer 3

Ectoderm
Neural Crest (differentiates into various cells)
Mantle layer (becomes brain parenchyma)
Ependymal layer (lines ventricles)
Lumen (becomes ventricles + central canal))

Question 4

What is anencephaly?

Answer 4

Failure of anterior Neuropore to close

Question 5

What Spina Bifida?

Answer 5

Failure to close the posterior neural tube to close
Leads to open vertebral canal
Spina bifida occulta (hidden, vertebral arch defect only)
Spina bifida cystica (e.g.; meningocele = meninges projects out)

Question 6

What does the primary vesicle consist of?

Answer 6

Prosencephalon = Forebrain
Mesencephalon = Midbrain
Rhombencephalon = Hindbrain