T1 L2 Skull and Cranial Cavity

Question 1

Name the layers of the scalp

Answer 1

The scalp consists of 5 layers.
S - Skin
C - Connective tissue
A - Aponeurotic layer
L - Loose connective tissue
P - Pericranium

Question 2

What are the innervations to the scalp?

Answer 2

• Trigeminal nerve

- Spinal cutaneous nerves

Question 3

What bones does the neurocranium consist of?

Answer 3

Occipital, 2 Parietal, 2 Temporal, Ethymoid, Sphenoid, Frontal

Question 4

What bones does the viscerocranium consist of?

Answer 4

2 nasal conchae, 2 Nasal bones, 2 maxilla, mandible, vomer, 2 lacrimal and 2 palatine.

Question 5

What are the layers of the meninges?

Answer 5

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

Question 6

What is the function of the meninges?

Answer 6

For protection
Support network for blood vessels
Provide fluid filled cavity to nourish and cushion the brain

Question 7

What are the layers of the dura mater?

Answer 7

Endosteal layer (around the skull)
Meningeal layer (around the brain and spinal cord)

Question 8

What innervates the dura mater?

Answer 8

CN V, CN X, C1-3 and sympathetic

Question 9

What is the blood supply of the dura mater?

Answer 9

It is the middle meningeal artery

Question 10

Name the folds present in the meningeal layer of the dura mater

Answer 10

Falx cerebri - seperates the cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium cellerebelli - seperates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellar hemispheres.
Falx cerebelli - seperates the cerebellar hemispheres

Question 11

What does damage to the middle meningeal artery cause?

Answer 11

Extradural (epidural) haematoma

Question 12

What is the anatomical basis of a headache?

Answer 12

The dura is sensitive to stretching

Question 13

What is a cause of tentorial herniation?

Answer 13

A space occupying lesion causing the herniation of the temporal lobe

Question 14

Describe the arachnoid mater

Answer 14

Avascular
Found between the dura and pia mater
All structures passing to and from the brain go through the subarachnoid space

Question 15

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 15

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 16

What produces CSF?

Answer 16

The choroid plexus found in the ventricles

Question 17

Describe the pia mater

Answer 17

It is a very delicate vascular membrane

Cerebral arteries enter the brain carrying a sheath of pia mater

Question 18

What is leptomeningitis?

Answer 18

It is the infection and inflammation of the arachnoid and pia mater.

Question 19

What is septicaemia?

Answer 19

when the infection from leptomeningitis spreads to the subarachnoid space and then the blood.

Question 20

Where do dural sinuses drain into?

Answer 20

The internal jugular vein