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203 endocrinology and reproduction > T1 L2 HPA axis > Flashcards

T1 L2 HPA axis Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary gland location

A

below brain
encased by skull
in sella turcica

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2
Q

hypothalamus

A

area of brain directly above pituitary gland

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3
Q

infundibulum

A

connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus

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4
Q

posterior pituitary gland

aka

A

neurohypophysis

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5
Q

structures in post PG

A

neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus -> hypothalamico- hypophyseal tract in infundibulum -> post PG

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6
Q

peptide hormones secreted by post pit gland (neurohypophysis)

A
  1. ADH (vasopressin)

2. oxytocin

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7
Q

synthesis of ADH & oxytocin

A
  1. inactive hormone precursors synthesised by supraoptic nuclei and paraventricular nucleus (hypothalamus)
  2. transported along hypothalamico-neurohypophyseal tract
  3. Then stored in posterior pituitary
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8
Q

ADH

A
  • secretions influenced by plasma osmolarity
  • stimulation of V2 receptors causes translocation of aquaporins to the membrane of the kidney tubule (thus allowing water reabsorption)
  • stimulation of V1 rs causes vasoconstriction (doesnt occur at physiological concs)
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9
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Acts via IP3 to cause contraction of smooth muscle of uterus and breast
  • secretions stimulated by stimulation of genitals & nipples
  • important at parturation & lactation
  • synthesis ^ during pregnancy but parallel ^ in oxytocinase to counteract activity
  • not necessary to initiate labour but administered to induce labour
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10
Q

oxytocin effect during parturation

A
  • contraction of smooth muscle to aid expulsion

- continued cervical stim. => continued secretion

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11
Q

oxytocin effect after parturation

A
  • oxytocin responsible for milk expulsion
  • stimulus = suckling
  • delay between start suckling and milk letdown
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12
Q

Anterior Pituitary gland and hormones secreted

A

up growth from palate

*mneumonic for hormones secreted*
Any Prison Guard Laments The Felon
ACTH
Prolactin
GH
LH
Thyroid stim hormone
FSH
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13
Q

Hormones of Ant. Pituitary Gland

Location of synthesis of TSH, ACTH, FSH

A
  1. TSH -> Thyrotrophe cells
  2. ACTH -> corticotrophe cells
  3. FSH -> gonadotrophe cells
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14
Q

Hormones of Ant. Pituitary Gland

secretion controlled by:

A

Releasing hormones of the hypothalamus

  1. TRH
  2. CRH
  3. GnRH
  4. GHRH
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15
Q

releasing hormones secreted by hypothalamus into ___

A

hypothalamico adenopophyseal portal vessel -> ant. pituitary
- releasing Hs dont enter systemic circ.

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16
Q

Diagnostic test of pituitary function

A
  • measure releasing hormones & effects of hormone administration (-ve feedback)
  • diurnal rhythms: timing of test important
17
Q

sleep duration effects

A
  • secretion of adrenocorticotropin & cortisol depends on sleep duration
  • decreases w/ spontaneous awakening
18
Q

clinical investigations

A
  1. signs & symptoms
  2. biochemical tests (basal levels): TSH & FT4, cortisol, LH & FHS, Prl, Testosterone & periods
  3. Imaging (MRI)
  4. Visual field tests: bitemporal hemianopia bc compression of optic chiasm
19
Q

prolactin primary role

A
  • promote lactation, development of breast tissue
  • important in females after puberty and during and after pregnancy
  • synthesised in lactotrophe cells in ant. PG (m+f)
20
Q

secretion of prolactin controlled by

A

hypothalamus

  • by means of prolactin release inhibiting factor (Dopamine)
  • TRH stimulates prolactin synthesis
  • secretion stimulaed by muld stress, nipple stimulation and sex
21
Q

Growth hormone synthesis

A
  • in APG: somatotrophe cells
22
Q

GH effect

A

^ linear growth in adolescents

  • ^ protein synthesis & collage deposition (mediated via nucleus)
  • tissue turnover and repair
23
Q

GH secretion

A

controlled by hypothalamus

  • stimulated by GHRH
  • inhibited by GHR inhibiting hormone (somatostatin, GHRIH)

Stimulated by decrease in carbs & fatty acids and an increase in fatty acids

24
Q

how does growth hormone produce its effects

A

GH acts via 2ndary messengers which are produced in liver

  • Insulin-like growth factor 1
  • Insulin like growth factor 2

203 endocrinology and reproduction (6 decks)

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