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203 endocrinology and reproduction > T1 L1 endocrinology intro > Flashcards

T1 L1 endocrinology intro Flashcards

1
Q

comparison of NS and endocrine

A

NS:

  • cells release chems and grow towards them
  • v rapid focussed, precise comms between individual cells

Endocrine:

  • chem messenger in blood
  • slow sustained comms between group of cells
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2
Q

endocrine system definition

A
  • series of ductless glands

- secrete chem messengers -> blood

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3
Q

hormone definition

A
  • chem messenger, act on cell w/ appropriate hormone receptors
  • each hormone can act ons everal target tissues
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4
Q

Pituitary gland location

A

below brain in skull

- sits in small bony cavity SELLA TURCICA

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5
Q

pituitary gland

A

Anterior pituitary gland:
hypothalamus -> hypothalamico- hypophyseal portal vessels in infundibulim -> APG

Posterior pituitary gland
neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus -> hypothalamico-hypophyseal tract in infundibulum -> PPG

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6
Q

thyroid and parathyroid gland location and function

A
  • neck
  • control of metabolic rate
  • calcium homeostasis
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7
Q

pancreas

A

digestive enzymes directly into GIT

- insulin into blood (bgl & glucose utilisation)

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8
Q

Adrenal glands

A
  • on top of kidneys
  • outer cortex: stress, Na+, glucose homeostasis
  • inner medulla: Stress response
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9
Q

gonads: ovaries/ testes

A

reproductive hormones

- development of secondary characteristics & reproduction

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10
Q

effect of hormone produced by

A
  • hormone interaction w/ receptor: (intracellular / membrane bound)
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11
Q

Types of hormone receptors

A
  1. steroid hormone receptors
  2. G-protein coupled receptors
  3. Tyrosine kinase receptors
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12
Q

mechanism of steroid receptor hormone

A
  1. steroid hormone crosses cell membrane and binds to a receptor ( cytoplasmic or intracellular)
  2. H-R complex binds to a hormone response element of DNA to influence GENE TRANSCRIPTION
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13
Q

mechanism of G protein coupled receptor hormone

A
  1. GPCR hormone binds to 7 TM r to cause SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY MESSENGER (inositol triphosphate/ cAMP)
  2. 2ndary messenger phosphorylates intracellular regulatory protein
  3. Influences cellular activity (smooth muscle contraction)
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14
Q

mechanism of Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Hormone

A
  1. hormone binds to membrane bound enzyme (dimerised receptors present for hormone action)
  2. Receptor acts as an enzyme to phosphorylate tyrosine components of intracellular regulatory proteins
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15
Q

2 classes of hormones:

A
  1. peptide hormones

2. steroid hormones (& thyroid hormones)

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16
Q

peptide hormones characteristics

A
  • peptide: chain of a.acids
  • highly h2o soluble (unable to cross cell membrane w/o carrier protein)
  • susceptible to protease attack
  • acts on membrane bound receptors
  • not orally active
  • rapid onset of action
  • short plasma 1/2 life
  • short duration of action
17
Q

steroid & thyroid hormone characteristics

A

-highly lipid soluble (able to cross lipid membrane and act on intracellular receptors)
-POOR H2o soluble
-transported blood bound to plasma protein
-only unbound hormone is biologically active
-slow onset of action
-long plasma half life
-long duration of action
-

18
Q

hypothalamus stimulates Ant. PG

hypothalamus secretes stimulating (or trophic) hormones (4)

A
  1. Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)
  2. corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)
  3. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GRH)
  4. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
19
Q

Ant. PG releases TSH
acts on ____
stimukates secretion of ____

A
  1. TSH -(via TRH stim from hypothalamus)
  2. thyroid
  3. thyroxine
20
Q

Ant. PG releases ACTH
acts on ____
stimukates secretion of ____

A
  1. ACTH (via corticotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus)
  2. adrenal cortex
  3. cortisol
21
Q

Ant. PG releases FSH
acts on ____
stimukates secretion of ____

A
  1. follicle stimulating hormone (via GnRH from hypothalamus)
  2. ovary
  3. progesterone
22
Q

hormonal secretion controlled by -ve feedback

A
  1. thyroid hormone decreases secretion of TRH & TSH
  2. cortisol decreases secretion of CRH & ACTH
  3. Oestrogen decreases secretion of GnRH & FSH
23
Q

common consequence of -ve feedback

A

cyclical variation in hormone conc

203 endocrinology and reproduction (6 decks)

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