Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Theme 1 > T1 L1: The pleura and the lungs > Flashcards

T1 L1: The pleura and the lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the thoracic cavity?

A

Left pleural cavity, right pleural cavity and the mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the respiratory system begin to develop?

A

At week 4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What embryological layer does the respiratory system develop from?

A

The endoderm layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do lung and bronchial buds form?

A

From the endodermal out-pouches push the visceral pleura outwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

At which part of the lung does the parietal and visceral pleura meet?

A

At the hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is parietal pleura found on the lungs?

A

Around their perimeter and is attached to the chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is visceral pleura found on the lungs?

A

It covers the outside of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of visceral pleura on the lungs?

A

It creates a smooth and slippery surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 divisions of parietal pleura?

A

Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic and cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

Its the space between the parietal and visceral pleura on the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What holds the lungs against the thoracic wall and therefore keeps them inflated?

A

The serous fluid creates surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a pneumothorax and what causes it?

A

A puncture wound through the pleura of a lung which breaks the surface tension and causes the lung to collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a haemothorax?

A

When a collection of blood gets inside the pleura of the lung and breaks the surface tensions causing the lung to collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a pleural cavity recess?

A

An area where the parietal and visceral plaura aren’t touching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 pleural cavity recesses?

A

The costonmediastinal (only on the left) and the costodiaphragmatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can the pleural cavity recesses be filled?

A

During forced inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the innervation of the different parts of parietal pleura on the lungs?

A

Cervical - 1st intercostal nerve
Costal - intercostal nerves
Mediastinal - phrenic nerve
Diapgragmatic - lower intercostals and phrenic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of nervous system innervates the visceral pleura on the lungs?

A

The autonomic nervous system from the pulmonary plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which lung has a lingula?

A

The left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which lung has a horizontal and oblique fissure?

A

The right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of a lung?

A

Costal, mediastinal and diaphramatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 borders of a lung?

A

Anterior, posterior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary ligament?

A

It allows space for the hilum during breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of pleura forms the pulmonary ligament?

A

Parietal pleura

25
Q

Where in the Hilum are bronchi compared to the other sturctures?

A

More posterior because the trachea sits posteriorly to the vessels leaving and entering the heart

26
Q

How can the bronchi in the Hilum be identified?

A

They will be lined with cartilage and they will be more posterior to blood vessels

27
Q

Where are pulmonary arteries found in the Hilum compared to Pulmonary veins?

A

More superiorly

28
Q

How do the lymph vessels/ nodes appear to the eye in the hilum?

A

Small and darkened

29
Q

What do the bronchial arteries supply in the lungs?

A

Lungs and visceral pleura

30
Q

What vessel do the left bronchial arteries branch from?

A

Directly from the descending aorta

31
Q

Which vessel so the right bronchial arteries branch from?

A

INDIRECTLY from the intercostal arteries of the descending aorta

32
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries terminate?

A

In the azygous system of veins

33
Q

What nervous system are all viscera in the body innervated by?

A

The autonomic nervous system

34
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic nerves from the sympathetic trunk on bronchial musculature?

A

Dilation

35
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic nerves from the sympathetic trunk on pulmonary vasculature?

A

Dilatation

36
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves from the vagus nerve on bronchial musculature?

A

Constriction

37
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves from the vagus nerve on pulmonary vasculature?

A

Dilation

38
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk?

A

A chain of ganglia running on both sides of the vertebral bodies

39
Q

Lymph nodes drain towards the Hilum via what 3 types of nodes?

A

Bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial (superior and inferior) and paratracheal (tracheal)

40
Q

Describe the respiratory tree

A

Trachea - primary brochi (main) - secondary bronchi (lobar) - tertiary bronchi (segmental) - bronchioles (terminal/respiratory) - alveolar sacs - alveoli

41
Q

What vertabrae does the trachea run from and to?

A

C6 - T4/5 (sternal angle)

42
Q

Where is the trachealis muscle?

A

In the posterior trachea

43
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

At the sternal angle into the 2 main bronchi (T4/5)

44
Q

What’s the name of the structure that separates the 2 bronchi?

A

The carina

45
Q

Which main bronchi is wider, shorter and runs more vertically?

A

The right

46
Q

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi are the in the right lung?

A

3

47
Q

What do each of the tertiary bronchi supply?

A

A bronchopulmonary segment of the lungs

48
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung?

A

10 in the right and 8-10 in the left

49
Q

How are bronchopulmonary segments seperated?

A

By connective tissue

50
Q

What is the clinical importance of the bronchopulmonary segments being seperate?

A

They can be removed individually during surgery

51
Q

How many generations of conducting bronchioles are there?

A

20-25

52
Q

What is the conducting zone on the bronchi/bronchioles?

A

Where no gas exchange happens

53
Q

Do bronchioles have cartilage in their walls?

A

No

54
Q

What is the respiratory zone of a lung?

A

Where gas exchange happens

55
Q

What are terminal bronchiole?

A

They give way to respiratory bronchioles

56
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the alveoli and what are their functions?

A

Type 1 pneumocytes - gas exchange

Type 2 pneumocytes - Secretion of pulmonary surfactant

57
Q

What is the function of pulmonary surfactant?

A

Creates a thin layer that prevents surface tension so the alveoli don’t collapse

58
Q

Why won’t a premature baby be able to keep their alveoli inflated?

A

Because even at 26 weeks, the levels of pulmonary surfactant are decreased

1. Theme 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions