T1 - Intro to IT - Acronymns & Abbreviations Flashcards
I.P.O. Model
Input, Process, Output
I.P.O.S. Model
Input, Process, Output, Storage
Input, Process, Output
(Local Area Network)
A collection of computers in a single building or building complex.
W.A.N.
(Wide Area Network)
Systems linked over a greater distance, including machines on the opposite sides of the world.
F.T.P.
(File Transfer Protocol)
A standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network.
I.T.
(Information Technology)
The technology used to create, maintain, and make information accessible using systems for information storage, retrieval, and exchange.
C.P.U.
(Central Processing Unit)
A control Center that converts data input to information output.
R.A.M.
(Random Access Memory)
The memory within a computer that holds the running programs and data when the computer is in use.
D.B.M.S.s
Database Management Systems
P.I.I.
(Personally Identifiable Information)
SSNs, names, telephone numbers, addresses
IaaS
(Infrastructure as a Service)
A cloud-based system that provides access in a virtualized environment and the computing resources are composed of virtualized hardware.
(network connections, virtual server space, and load balancers)
PaaS
(Platform as a Service)
A cloud-based system commonly confused with IaaS, that gives customers access to a platform that supports the development and management of web applications.
(Operating system licensed by the cloud service provider instead of the client)
SaaS
(Software as a Service)
A cloud-based system where the software is licensed to customers with subscriptions and central hosting.
(Gmail, Google Docs, and Microsoft Office 365)
P.C.
(Personal Computer)
Desktop, Laptop
P.I.M.
(Personal Information Manager)
Pagers, Blackberries, Palm Pilots
G.U.I.
Graphical User Interface
A.I.
Artificial Intelligence
U.L.S.I.
(Ultra Large Scale Integration)
Micro-processing chips accommodating tens of millions of components.
H.D.D.
(Hard Disk Drive)
Hard disk drives work by writing binary data onto spinning magnetic disks called platters that rotate at high speeds.
S.S.D.
(Solid State Drive)
Solid-state drive stores data by using static flash memory chips.
G.P.U
(Graphic Processor Unit)
A component that processes huge batches of graphic data.
U.S.B.
Universal Serial Bus
I.S.P.
Internet Service Provider
I.o.T.
(Internet of Things)
Network shared between smart devices within a home.
S.R.A.M.
(Static Random Access Memory)
Small preloaded memory to perform certain immediate functions (cache memory), and resides in the CPU.
D.R.A.M.
(Dynamic Random Access memory)
Larger memory used for operations such as storing documents as they are being processed. “Dynamic” means that the information is only valid during the session and lost if power loss occurs.
B.I.O.S.
(Basic Input Output System)
An older form of memory that was merely used to boot up a system enough to load the OS. Eventually replaced by the UEFI.
O.S.
Operating System
U.E.F.I.
(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
The modern equivalent of BIOS, still commonly referred to as BIOS out of habit.
P.C.I.e.
(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
A common variety of expansion slot.
A.L.U
(Arithmetic/Logic Unit)
Contains circuitry that performs operations on data (such as addition and subtraction).
M.A.R.
(Memory Access Register)
Holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed.
M.D.R.
(Memory Data Register)
Holds data that is being transferred to or from memory.
A.C.
(Accumulator)
Holds the ALU results.
P.C. (as a register)
(Program Counter)
Holds the address of the next program instruction to be executed.
C.I.R.
(Current Instruction Register)
Holds the current instruction during processing.
R.O.M.
(Read Only Memory)
Another memory component that stores instructions for crucial system activities, including booting up the system and initializing different computer components.
MHz
(Megahertz)
System speed measured in millions of pulses per second.
GHz
(Gigahertz)
System speed measured in billions of pulses per second.
K.B.
(Kilobyte)
2^10 or 1,024 bytes
M.B.
(Megabyte)
2^20 or 1,024 Kilobytes
1,048,576 bytes
G.B.
(Gigabyte)
1,024 Megabytes
2^30 or 1,073,741,824 bytes
T.B
(Terabyte)
1,024 Gigabytes
2^40 or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
P.B.
(Petabyte)
1,024 Terabytes
2^50 or 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes
N.F.C.
(Near-Field Communications)
A short-range wireless technology that makes your smartphone, tablet, wearables, payment cards, and other devices even smarter.
V.o.I.P.
(Voice over Internet Protocol)
Technology that converts your voice into a digital signal, allowing you to make a call directly from a computer, a VoIP phone, or other data-driven devices. Simply put, it’s phone service delivered over the internet.
P.A.N.
(Personal Area Network)
Normally used for short-range communications, within a few feet, such as wireless headphones to a smartphone or a wireless mouse to a PC.
U.T.P.
(Unshielded Twisted Pair)
Twisted pair cables without individual sheathing.
S.T.P.
(Shielded Twisted Pair)
Cables consisting of two separately insulated copper wires wound around each other.
D.A.R.P.A.
(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
The group who hoped to develop a method for linking multiple computer networks, allowing them to function as a single system unaffected by disasters degrading the performance of local components.
(i.e.. internet)
I.P.
(Internet Protocol)
The infant internet used IPv4 (IP version 4), but modern internet uses IPv6 (IP version 6)
T.L.D.
(Top-Level Domain)
Website tagline denoting official status.
(.edu, .gov, .org, .tv…)
H.T.T.P.
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Language used by web servers to operate websites.
S.M.T.P
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
The base network used to support email.
D.N.S.
(Domain Name System)
The phonebook of the Internet which eliminate the need for humans to memorize IP addresses.
P.O.P.3.
(Post Office Protocol version 3)
A protocol for receiving email by downloading it to your computer from a mailbox on the server of an internet service provider.
I.M.A.P
(Internet Mail Access Protocol)
A protocol for receiving email by downloading it to your computer from a mailbox on the server of an internet service provider.
C.D.N.
(Content Delivery Network)
A group of servers distributed strategically over the internet that stream copies of content to nearby end users.
U.R.L.
(Universal Resource Locator)
A unique address that includes the protocol, domain, and all subdomains, as well as the resource path ID and name of the document.
H.T.M.L.
(Hypertext Markup Language)
A way of encoding a document using special symbols called tags to describe how the document should appear on a display screen, what multimedia resources (audio, video, images) should accompany the document, and which elements within the document are linked to other documents.
X.M.L.
(Extensible Modeling Language)
A standardized style for designing notational systems for representing data as text files. XML emphasizes semantics, while HTML focuses on appearance.
E.U.L.A.
(End User License Agreements)
U.I.
(User Interface)
Allows end users to communicate with the operating system. Determines how we interact with and perceive the OS.
C.L.I.
(Command Line Interface)
D.O.S.
(Disk Operating System)
S.Q.L.
(Structured Query Language)
PM Lifecycle
(Project Management Lifecycle)
Initiation
Planning
Execution
Project
NoSQL Database
(Not Only SQL)
An alternative to traditional relational databases in which data is placed in tables that are carefully designed before the database is built.
SMART Framework
(S.M.A.R.T.)
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timely
CLEAR Framework
(C.L.E.A.R.)
Collaborative
Limited
Emotional
Appreciable
Refineable
CIA Triad
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
IT (as a system)
A system that includes the hardware, the software, the networking elements (maintained by IT professionals), and the people who use them.
