T1 - Atomic structure and periodic table

Question 1

What is a compound?

Answer 1

Two or more different elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

Question 2

What is a mixture?

Answer 2

two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

Question 3

What is an element?

Answer 3

A substance that contains only one type of atom

Question 4

What separation techniques are use for mixture?

Answer 4

Physical separation techniques

Question 5

What is filtration used for?

Answer 5

To separate a insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 6

What is the process of filtration? x3

Answer 6

1. Put filter paper in a filter tunnel
2. Pour mixture into filter paper
3. The liquid passes through and the insoluble solid gets trapped

Question 7

What is crystallisation used for?

Answer 7

To separate a soluble solid from a liquid

Question 8

What is the process of crystallisation? X4

Answer 8

1. Gently heat the solution in a water bath until crystals start forming
2. Leave it to cool
3. Filter out crystals from solution
4. Dry crystals by leaving somewhere warm

Question 9

What is simple distillation used for?

Answer 9

To separate a liquid from a solution

Question 10

What is the process of simple distillation? x4

Answer 10

1. Put solution into a flask
2. The solution is heated with a bunsen burner
3. The solution evaporates and rises up
4. The vapour passes through the condenser and condenses into liquid

Question 11

What is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 11

Separating mixture of liquids

Question 12

What is the process of fractional distillation? x5

Answer 12

1. Heat the solution with a bunsen burner
2. The liquids in the solution evaporate
3. The liquid with the lower boiling point rises up and the liquid with higher boiling point is stopped by glass rods
4. The vapour then condenses into liquid
   5 The bunsen burner is the heated at a higher temperature

Question 13

What is chromatography used for?

Answer 13

TO separate different substances in a mixture

Question 14

What is the process of chromatography? x4

Answer 14

1. Draw a pencil line near the bottom of paper
2. Put dots of colour along the line
3. Put bottom of paper in solvent
4. Ink is carried up paper

Question 15

What is the stationary phase in chromatography?

Answer 15

The paper

Question 16

What is the mobile phase in chromatography

Answer 16

The solvent

Question 17

In chromatography, what compound produces a single spot?

Answer 17

A pure compound

Question 18

In chromatography, does a more soluble substance travel further or less than a less soluble substance?

Answer 18

It travels more

Question 19

What were atoms thought to be before electrons were discovered?

Answer 19

Atoms were tiny spheres that could not be divided.

Question 20

What discovery led to the creation of the plum pudding model of the atom?

Answer 20

Discovery of the electron

Question 21

What does the plum pudding model suggest?

Answer 21

The atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.

Question 22

What did the alpha particle scattering experiment show? x2

Answer 22

-The mass of an atom was concentrated at the center
-the nucleus was charged.

Question 23

What model replaced the plum pudding model?

Answer 23

The nuclear model

Question 24

How did Neils Bohr adapt the nuclear model?

Answer 24

By suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

Question 25

What did James Chadwick prove?

Answer 25

Existence of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 26

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 26

1 x 10^-10m

Question 27

What is the radius of a nucleus?

Answer 27

1 x 10^-14m

Question 28

WHat is charge of proton?

Answer 28

+1

Question 29

What is charge of neutron?

Answer 29

0

Question 30

What is charge of electron?

Answer 30

-1

Question 31

Mass of proton?

Answer 31

1

Question 32

Mass of neutron?

Answer 32

1

Question 33

Mass of electron?

Answer 33

1/1836

Question 34

What is an isotope?

Answer 34

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons

Question 35

How to work out relative atomic mass?

Answer 35

(mass 1 x abundance 1) + (mass 2 x abundance 2)/100

Question 36

How did scientists used to classify the elements?

Answer 36

By arranging them in order of their atomic weights.

Question 37

What did Mendeleev do when he figure some elements hadn’t been discovered?

Answer 37

Left gaps for elements

Question 38

What ions do metals form?

Answer 38

Positive ions

Question 39

What ions do non-metals form?

Answer 39

Negative ions

Question 40

Properties of metals? x5

Answer 40

-Malleable
-Good conductors of heat and electricity
-High melting and boiling points
-shiny
-sonorous

Question 41

Properties of non-metals? x4

Answer 41

-Dull in colour
-Brittle
-Low melting and boiling points
-Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 42

What is the trend for boiling points in group 0?

Answer 42

The boiling points increase as you go down the group

Question 43

Trend of reactivity in group 1?

Answer 43

The reactivity of the elements increases as you go
down the group.

Question 44

Properties of group 1 metals? x3

Answer 44

-soft
-Low density
-Low melting point

Question 45

Alkali metal + water=

Answer 45

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 46

Alkali metal + chlorine=

Answer 46

White metal chloride salts

Question 47

Alkali metal + oxygen=

Answer 47

Metal oxide

Question 48

Trend of melting and boiling point for group 7?

Answer 48

Increases as you go down

Question 49

Trend for reactivity in group 7?

Answer 49

Decreases as you go down

Question 50

Rule for displacement in group 7?

Answer 50

The more reactive halogen displaces the less reactive one

Question 51

Properties of transition metals? x5

Answer 51

-Strong
-High melting points
-High density
-Less reactive than group 1
-Can form ions with different charges

Question 52

What are transition metals used as?

Answer 52

Catalysts

Question 53

What compounds do transition compounds form?

Answer 53

Coloured compounds