Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Humanaties > T1 > Flashcards

T1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Focus of an earthquake

A

The place where the Earthquake begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the epicentre

A

The place on the surface of the earth where the earthquake occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The inner most layer of the earth, made of nickel and iron and sits at 5500°

A

Core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The second most inwards layer, liquid iron and nickel

A

Inner core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A 2,900km layer of magma

A

Mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The outer most core. 0-60km.

A

The crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of crust and which is denser

A

Oceanic and Continental - oceanic are denser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are convection currents

A

When the layer of magma in the crust the converge and diverge and create plate movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pacific ring of fire

A

A major area in the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What could one cause of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

A

The movement of the plates beneath them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Continental Drift Theory.

A

The theory of how the plates move over time that was disregarded due to lack of proof. This can be supported by how the coastlines of Africa and South America fit snugly together. This was later renamed as the Plate Tectonic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is liquefaction

A

When the shaking of the earth turn mixes water and sand into sludge. This can be very damaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Natural Hazard

A

An natural event with the potential to cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an Extreme Natural Event

A

An extreme natural event is an event that will cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is climactic

A

An event caused by the weather/atmosphere eg. Tornadoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Tectonic

A

An event caused by the earth’s movement eg. Earthquakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are Surface Events

A

An event that takes place on the surface of the earth eg. Bush fires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are effects of a disaster hard or easy to predict

A

Hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the ranges of the disasters

A

Local (0-20km) national (up to 100km) or global

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many people died in the Christchurch Earthquake

A

185

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was the magnitude and where was the epicentre

A

6.3 and 10km south of Lyttleton business district

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Three Social impacts of the earthquake

A

185 deaths, 33% evacuated and people suffered a lack of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When was the Earthquake

A

12:51pm on 22 February 2011

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Three economical impacts (e)

A

Irreparable damage to home and buildings, repairs would take 15-20 years, tourism plummeted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Three Environmental impacts (e)

A

Many cliff faces collapsed, many animals were left without habitats. Huge fault line, and liquefaction and pollution covered properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When and where (t)

A

1am Boxing Day 2004. Epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra. The Indian plate subducted under the Burma plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many deaths (t)

A

230k across 14 countries. Worst being Indonesia with 170k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Social impacts (t)

A

230k deaths, many lost jobs and many were left homeless.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Economical impacts (t)

A

66% of the fishing fleet was destroyed. 9.9billion dollars of damage. Tourism was devastated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Environmental impacts (t)

A

Many sea plants were destroyed eg. Reefs, mangroves. Fish and other animals had died and animals suffered a loss of habitat. Sewage systems were destroyed and water became polluted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Magnitude (t)

A

9.1-9.3 magnitude

9 on the mercali scale.

32
Q

Give an explanation of the Monserrat volcano

A

It was dormant for 300 years until 95 and this eruption was in 97

33
Q

When and where (v)

A

Small Caribbean island at 1:00pm 25 June 1997

34
Q

How many deaths (v)

A

19

35
Q

Social impacts (v)

A

19 deaths, many evacuated the town, the capital was covered in mud and ash

36
Q

Economical impacts (v)

A

The only hospital and airport were destroyed, roads were damaged and tourism flunked

37
Q

Environmental impacts (v)

A

Animals and their habitats were killed/destroyed. Pyroclastic flows created deltas in the water and killed many fish. The volcano had become disfigured from the explosion and sea plantation was destroyed.

38
Q

White Island eruption time date magnitude and place

A

9 December 2019, 2:11pm NNE coast of the Bay of Plenty. 2 weeks prior a 5.9 magnitude 10km from the island

39
Q

How many deaths (WIE)

A

21 killed 26 injured. Rain, low visibility delayed rescues for over a week

40
Q

What kind of eruption had occurred at White Island

A

Phreatic - a sudden release of steam and volcanic gasses.

41
Q

What is an avalanche

A

Masses of snow and ice that rapidly fall down a mountain side.

42
Q

How could you escape an avalanche

A

Try to generate speed and swerve off to the side, get off the slab of snow, reach for a tree or swim really really hard

43
Q

What percent of people survive in 15mins

A

93%

44
Q

What percent of people survive after 45mins (a)

A

20-30% rarely anyone will survive after this

45
Q

How are tornadoes formed

A

When cold air drops and warm air rises and then they end up swirling around each other.

46
Q

What is a waterspout tornado

A

A tornado the occurs over the water (weak)

47
Q

What is a land spout Tornado

A

A tornado that occurs over land (can do damage)

48
Q

What is a multiple vortex tornado

A

A tornado that has multiple heads circling the same centre

49
Q

What is a flood

A

An overflow of water that submerges land.

50
Q

where do flood normally come from

A

They sprout from bodies of water

51
Q

What are some effects of a flood

A

They can damage houses and businesses (urban flooding - land or property) they can also dig up minerals from the ground

52
Q

Flash floods can happen in a couple of minutes (true or false)

A

True

53
Q

State one reason for an increase in floods.

A

Sustained rainfall

54
Q

What are some of the main causes for landslides

A 
Gravity
Erosion
Slope weakening
Loss or absence of vegetation
Earthquakes
Deforestation
Vibrations
Earthwork
Construction
55
Q

What are some of the main causes for landslides (NZ)

A

High rainfall
Frequent earthquakes
Unstable slopes
Mostly hill country

56
Q

What is the fire triangle

A

Oxygen, heat and fuel

57
Q

How were the Aussie fires caused

A

A prolonged drought and long winds

58
Q

What are some of the Environmental impacts of the Aussie fires

A

Over a billion animal deaths. Petrification and damage to animal habitat. There were clouds of ash over the country.

59
Q

What are some causes of fires

A

Sun and lightning are natural but most of them are man-made.

Also because of fuel-load, moisture wind speed temperature and angle.

60
Q

What is wood’s flashpoint

A

300°

61
Q

What are the best conditions for fires

A

Low humidity, extreme ° and strong winds

62
Q

If we had a fire in New Zealand…

A

Tourism would be severely damaged

63
Q

NSW and VIC were the worst affected with

A

5million hectares of damage.

64
Q

How many Firefighters were deployed

A

1600+

65
Q

What was black Saturday

A

A series of fires on 7 February 2009

66
Q

What are tropical storms on the West Africa coast

A

Cyclones

67
Q

What are tropical storms on the pacific

A

Typhoons

68
Q

What are tropical storms in America and Europe

A

Hurricanes

69
Q

Which way do Northern Equator storms spin

A

Anti clockwise and vice versa (Coriolis force)

70
Q

When is hurricane season

A

June 1 - November 30

71
Q

What are some effects of tropical storms

A

Destruction to building and homes. Also communication networks

72
Q

How many people died in Hurricane Katrina

A

1.2k

73
Q

Social impacts of Katrina

A

1.2k people died and 1mil were left homeless. New Orleans had flooded.

74
Q

Economic Impacts of Katrina

A

Oil facilities were damaged along with communication networks and petrol prices rose in both the uk and the us. 50billion was given in aid by the government.

75
Q

Environmental impacts of Katrina

A

Water became polluted and coastal areas became destroyed. Cotton and sugar cane crops were destroyed and delicate coastal habitats were destroyed

76
Q

Why was New Orleans worst affected

A

The city is below sea level and was only protected by levees strong enough to withstand the forces of lake Ponchartian and the Mississippi River.

Humanaties (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions