T1

Question 1

What is Cellular respiration and why is it important

Answer 1

Cellular respiration is the reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP.
Cellular respiration is important because the body can only use ATP energy.

Question 2

What is a cell mebrane and what does it do

Answer 2

The cell membrane is a structure that encloses the contents of the cells and allows the movement of certain materials and substances into and out of the cell.

Question 3

What is Osmosis and how is it relevant to both individual cells and body systems

Answer 3

Osmosis is the process in which molecules of a solvent pass through a semipermeable membrane.

Question 4

What is Diffusion and how is it relevant to both individual cells and body systems

Answer 4

Diffusion is the the process of osmosis, but from and area of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 5

Identify the parts of the respiratory system

Answer 5

• Trachea: Narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves.
• Bronchi: The narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller parts of the respiratory system.
• Bronchioles: Small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the 2 larger bronchi to the alveoli.
• Alveoli: Tiny air sacs on the lungs at the ends of the bronchioles . Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels in exchange for carbon dioxide through the process of diffusion.

Question 6

Identify the parts of the Circulatory system

Answer 6

• Heart Chambers: There are four chambers - the left atrium and right atrium (upper chambers), and the left ventricle and right ventricle (lower chambers).
• Heart Valves: The valves prevent the backward flow of blood.
• Arteries: Hollow tubes (vessels) with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other parts of the body.
• Veins: blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They have valves and thinner walls than arteries.
• Capillaries: Minute Tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell receives blood from capillaries.

Question 7

Describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and away from cells

Answer 7

You need to practice better

Question 8

What is the composition and function of Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Carbohydrates are organic substances such as sugars and starch, that are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They contain useful chemical energy.

Question 9

What is the composition and function of Lipids

Answer 9

Lipids are a type of nutrients that includes fats and oils.

Question 10

Describe the function of essential non-nutrients

Answer 10

Eg: Water, Fibre

Question 11

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 11

Digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with teeth.

Question 12

What is Chemical Digestion

Answer 12

The chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 13

Identify the Parts of the digestive system and what they do

Answer 13

• Oesophagus: part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth and pharynx to the stomach
• Small Intestine: The part of the digestive system between the stomach and large intestine where most of the food is chemically digested
• Liver: The liver secretes Bile, builds proteins from amino acids and breaks down many substances that are harmful to the body.
• Gall Bladder: A small organ that stores and concretes bile within the body
• Pancreas: A large gland in the body that produces the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes.
• Large Intestine: It is where all liquids are absorbed from digested food.

Question 14

What are the 3 main digestive enzymes

Answer 14

• Amylases: Digest Carbohydrates
  Found in the mouth and small intestine
• Proteases: Digest Proteins
  Found in the stomach and small intestine
• Lipases: digest lipids
  Found in small intestine

Question 15

What is Bile and what does it do

Answer 15

Bile digests fats and oils

Question 16

What are waste products and their composition

Question 17

Describe key organs and their functions ins the excretory system

Answer 17

• skin:
• lungs:
• liver:

-kidneys

Question 18

How is water and carbon dioxide levels important to the process of excretion

Question 19

Describe the stimulus response model

Answer 19

Stimulus
receptor
Control Centre
Effector
Response

Question 20

What are the different types of receptors

Answer 20

• Thermoreceptors: special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature
• Mechanoreceptors: Special cells within the skin, inner ear and skeletal muscles that are sensitive to touch, pressure and motion. They enable you to balance, hear and sense pressure and movement
• Chemoreceptors: Special cells within a sense organ (especially the nose and tastebuds) that are sensitive to particular chemicals, giving you the sensation of smell and taste.
• Photoreceptors: A receptor cell located in your eye that is stimulated by light., converting it to electrical energy that is sent to your brain.
• Pain receptors: Special cells located throughout the body (except the brain) that send nerve signals to the brain and spinal cord in the presence of damaged or potentially damaged cells, resulting in the sensation of pain.

Question 21

Describe the process of seeing

Answer 21

• Light enters they through the pupil.
• Light is then detected by photoreceptors called rods and cones
• Rods detect light levels
• Cones detect colour
• The image generated is sent to the brain through the optic nerve and interpreted there

Question 22

Describe the process of hearing

Answer 22

-Air vibrates in the ear causing the ear drum to vibrate
- The ossicles in your middle ear recieve this info and pass it onto the middle ear
- Hairs attached to the nerve cells in the cochlea
- A message is sent to your brain via the auditory nerve
- The brain then interprets this as sound

Question 23

Identify the parts of a neuron

Answer 23

• Dendrites: Structure that recieves synaptic imputs coming from other neurons and relays the information to the cell body of the neuron
• Axon: An appendage of the neuron that nervous impulses travel along to the axon terminals.
• Axon Terminals: Creates neurotransmitters so that information can be passed on through a synapse to the next neuron

Question 24

What are the different types of neurons

Answer 24

• sensory neurons: A nerve cell in the sense organ that detects changes in the environment and sends a message back to the CNS
• Motor neurons: The nerve cell that causes and organ such as a muscle or gland to respond to a stimulus
• Interneurons: A nerve cell that carries nervous impulses thorough the CNS. They provide the link between sensory and motor neurons

Question 25

Describe the function of neurotransmitters

Answer 25

Neurotransmitters are chemicals released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse

Question 26

What are reflex arcs and why are they important

Answer 26

A nervous pathway involving a small number of neurons. A reflex occurs when nervous impulses travels from the receptors to the CNS and then to the effector organ

Question 27

Identify the main structures of the eye

Answer 27

Cornea: The layer that covers the front of the eye

Iris: is the coloured part of the eye. The iris will change its size to change the amount of light that passes through the pupil

Lens: Sits behind the pupil and focusses light on the retina

Question 28

Identify the main structures of the ear

Answer 28

Inner ear: Choclea
Middle ear: Made up of ossicles

Outer Ear: what we see on the side of our head, the ear canal and eardrum

Question 29

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 29

There are 2 Atria’s which are the top chambers
There are 2 ventricles

Question 30

Which side recieves blood from the body

Answer 30

The right side of the heart recieves blood returning from the body meaning its deoxygenated
The left side recivs blood from the lungs meaning its oxygenated

Question 31

What is the blood flow through your heart?

Answer 31

• Blood enters through the right side through the Vena Cava to the right atrium
• it passes through a valve and then into the right ventricle
• It then passes through another valve and then into the pulmonary veins into the left atrium
• it passes through a valve to then reach the left ventricle and a final valve it reach the aorta and around the body