T1

Question 1

What is a state function?

Answer 1

A property that describes the state of a system at equilibrium regardless of how the system arrived at that state. Dependent only on the initial and final states of the system, not on the route taken between them.

Question 2

What is a path function?

Answer 2

A property that can only be measured while a change in state is taking place, depends on the path taken between the initial and final states of the system.

Question 3

Extensive property

Answer 3

Depends on the quantity of material present in the system

Question 4

Intensive property

Answer 4

Independent of the quantity of material present in the system

Question 5

Specific property

Answer 5

Extensive property divided by the mass

Question 6

Molar property

Answer 6

Extensive property divided by the amount

Question 7

Thermodynamics

Answer 7

The study of energy changes that take place during a physical or chemical change

Question 8

The system

Answer 8

The part of the universe chosen for study

Question 9

The surroundings

Answer 9

The part of the universe outside of the chosen system

Question 10

Open system

Answer 10

Can be an exchange of energy and or matter with the surroundings

Question 11

Closed system

Answer 11

Can only exchange energy with the surroundings

Question 12

Isolated system

Answer 12

No exchange of energy or matter with the surroundings

Question 13

Standard temperature and pressure

Answer 13

237.15K and 10^5 Pa(1bar)

Question 14

The standard state

Answer 14

Refers to the standard pressure of 1 bar

Question 15

Isothermal

Answer 15

Constant and uniform temperature

Question 16

Isobaric

Answer 16

Constant pressure

Question 17

Isochoric

Answer 17

Constant volume

Question 18

Isentropic

Answer 18

Constant entropy

Question 19

Adiabatic

Answer 19

No transfer of heat across the system boundary

Question 20

Diathermic

Answer 20

Transfer of heat across the system boundary

Question 21

Reversible process

Answer 21

When reversed, both the system and surroundings return to their original states. Takes place through an infinite sequence of equilibrium states.

Question 22

Irreversible process

Answer 22

Cannot be reversed so that both the system and surroundings return to their exact original states

Question 23

Carnots theorem

Answer 23

The maximum work is done by a reversible process

Question 24

Energy

Answer 24

The capacity to do work

Question 25

Expansion work

Answer 25

w=-pdV

Question 26

Kinetic energy

Answer 26

The energy an object has because it’s moving

Question 27

Potential energy

Answer 27

The energy an object possesses because of its position or the arrangement of its component parts

Question 28

Internal energy

Answer 28

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of an object

Question 29

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 29

The energy of an isolated system is constant

Question 30

Change in internal energy=

Answer 30

Heat+work

Question 31

heat

Answer 31

the transfer of energy from a body to one at a lower temperature because of the difference in heat. Transferred as random molecular notional until temperature gradients disappear

Question 32

Work

Answer 32

The work done on the system transferred through the ordered transfer of energy by any other process.

Question 33

Enthalpy

Answer 33

The total heat content of a system
H = U + pV

Question 34

Spontaneous change

Answer 34

Proceeds unidirectionally and irreversibly from a non-equilibrium state to an equilibrium state

Question 35

Entropy

Answer 35

Relates to the dispersal of energy within a system

Question 36

Statistical definition of entropy

Answer 36

S=Kb ln(w)