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Spinal Anatomy Palmer College of Chiropractic > T. Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis > Flashcards

T. Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of spondylosis?

A

a vertebral condition

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2
Q

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

A

a vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage

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3
Q

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

A

a vertebral slippage

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4
Q

What is the current limited definition of spondylosis?

A

a vertebral condition that is acquired or age-related

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5
Q

What are some of the causes of spondylolysis?

A

congenital, acquired during development, the result of aging, or the result of trauma

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6
Q

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal?

A

a separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect)

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7
Q

What parts of a vertebra are separated as a result of a pars defect?

A

the anterior element from the posterior element

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8
Q

What specific parts of a vertebra are separated as a result of a pars defect?

A

the vertebral body, pedicle, and articular process are separated from the other articular process, lamina, and spinous process

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9
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

A

vertebral body and pedicle, and articular process (the intervertebral disc is also indicated when looking at a vertebral couple)

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10
Q

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

A

a range of 2.6% to 10%

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11
Q

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the native Alaskan population?

A

52.6%

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12
Q

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?

A

the native Alaskan (Inuit) population

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13
Q

Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?

A

fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under five years old, patients who have never walked and in non-erect species

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14
Q

Lumbar spondylolysis only been reported in what types of species?

A

those species that walk erect; humans

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15
Q

What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

A

the uniquely human upright stance or erect posture

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16
Q

What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

A

men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5

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17
Q

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

A

10-20 year olds

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18
Q

What activities are particularly stressful at pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebra?

A

gymnastics, dance, soccer

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19
Q

What motion(s) is particularly associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

A

hyperextension coupled with rotation

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20
Q

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

A

fibrocartilaginous material

21
Q

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

A

nociception, neuromadulation and autonomic function

22
Q

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

A

a Scotty dog

23
Q

What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

A

a collared Scotty dog

24
Q

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

A

a collared Scotty dog

25
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the neck of a Scotty dog?

A

the pars interarticularis below the superior articular process

26
Q

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

A

the neck of the Scotty dog

27
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

A

the pedicle

28
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a Scotty dog?

A

the superior articular process

29
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

A

the transverse process

30
Q

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

A

rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

31
Q

What is the incidence of sacral spondylolysis in the general population?

A

its rare

32
Q

What ethnic group is associated with a high incidence of sacral spondylolysis?

A

the native Alaskan (Inuit) population

33
Q

Is sacral spondylolysis the result of congenital conditions, acquired conditions or an age-related conditions?

A

it seems to be acquired

34
Q

What gender bias is associated with sacral spondylolysis?

A

gender biased towards men

35
Q

What vertebral level is associated with sacral spondylolysis?

A

most common at S1

36
Q

What activities are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

A

kayaking and harpooning

37
Q

What vertebral condition results in spondylolisthesis?

A

bilateral spondylolysis

38
Q

What is the direction of spondylolisthesis?

A

anterior or forward

39
Q

What is the posterior direction of vertebral slippage called?

A

retrospondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis

40
Q

Identify all names given to type IV spondylolisthesis

A

traumatic spondylolisthesis

41
Q

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

A

L5 or upper sacral segments

42
Q

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

A

spina bifida occulta and nerve root compression of S1 nerve

43
Q

Which subtype of type II spondylolisthesis is stressed in Spinal I?

A

lytic spondylolisthesis or stress fracture induced spondylolisthesis

44
Q

What is the cause of most frequently given for type II spondylolisthesis?

A

microfractures as the result of repetitive stress during hyperflexion and rotation

45
Q

What is the age group typically associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

A

teenagers or young adults

46
Q

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

A

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

47
Q

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

A

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of spinal canal

48
Q

What causes type IV spondylolisthesis?

A

fracture of the neural arch components

49
Q

What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

A

bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta

Spinal Anatomy Palmer College of Chiropractic (23 decks)

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