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Spinal Anatomy Palmer College of Chiropractic > A. Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6 > Flashcards

A. Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

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2
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

two-toed sloth, manatee

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3
Q

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

A

C3-C6

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4
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2, C7

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5
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

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6
Q

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

A

posterior or kyphotic

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7
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

the intervertebral disc height

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8
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

anterior or lordotic

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9
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

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10
Q

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

A

It diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

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11
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinated processes

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12
Q

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

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13
Q

At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

A

3rd-4th fetal month

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14
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

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15
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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16
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

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17
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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18
Q

How many joints are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

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19
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

Ten

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20
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

four

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21
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

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22
Q

The joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?

A

the uncinate process and lateral goove

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23
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion- extension and requiring couple motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

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24
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

the longus colli muscle

25
Q

What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen?

A

the transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

26
Q

the greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at ______?

A

C6

27
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

28
Q

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

29
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

30
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A

middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

31
Q

What produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions?

A

cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexuses

32
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsaggital plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

33
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

34
Q

What will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?

A

the common carotid artery

35
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

36
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is observed in the transverse foramen of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers of the autonomic (involuntary or visceral) nerve system

37
Q

What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

the articular pillar

38
Q

What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical vertebrae?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

39
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40-45 degrees from the coronal plane

40
Q

Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

A

55-60 degrees

41
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

42
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

43
Q

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

A

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

44
Q

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

A

the semispinalis capitis, multifidis, and rotators

45
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

meniscoidal folds

46
Q

What function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses?

A

they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface

47
Q

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

typically C5/C6

48
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

49
Q

Regions of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?

A

the C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

50
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

51
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are bifid

52
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are non-bifid

53
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

54
Q

What ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

the interspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae

55
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior articular process (post-zygapophysis), the superior articular process (pre-zygapophysis), the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

56
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior vertebral notch/incisure

57
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the superior vertebral notch/incisure

58
Q

What is the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve?

A

the lateral groove of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of Luschka

Spinal Anatomy Palmer College of Chiropractic (23 decks)

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