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Pharmacology > T+O Drugs > Flashcards

T+O Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of NSAIDs

A

Inhibits prostaglandin production by cycloxygenase (COX)

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2
Q

Inhibition of which COX mediates the effects of NSAIDs as an analgesic

A

COX2 (inducible form)

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3
Q

What is an alternative to NSAIDs with a better side-effect profile and why

A

Selective COX2 inhibitors. As they do not inhibit gastroprotective prostaglandins produced by COX1

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4
Q

Name a selective COX2 inhibitor

A

etoricoxib

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5
Q

What are the 3 main adverse effects of NSAIDs

A
  1. GI haemorrhage
  2. Increased risk of cardiovascular events
  3. Renal impairment
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6
Q

Of the NSAIDs, which has the lowest risk of GI impairment

A

Ibuprofen

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7
Q

Which NSAIDs has lowest risk of cardiovascular events

A

Naproxen

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8
Q

What is the problem with COX2 inhibitors

A

Higher risk of cardiovascular events compared to standard NSAIDs

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9
Q

What are two other side effects of NSAIDs

A

Fluid retention

Hypersensitivity reaction

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10
Q

What conditions may fluid retention worsen

A

HTN

Heart Failure

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11
Q

What are 4 absolute contraindications of NSAIDs

A
  1. Heart Failure
  2. Liver disease
  3. Severe renal impairment
  4. NSAID hypersensitivity
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12
Q

What are 4 relative contraindications of NSAIDs

A

Risk of adverse events:

  • Peptic ulcer
  • CVD
  • GI bleed
  • Renal impairment
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13
Q

What drugs increase the risk of peptic ulceration with NSAIDs

A 
Aspirin 
Anticoagulants
Corticosteroids
Venlafaxine
SSRIs
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14
Q

What drugs do NSAIDs reduce the effectiveness of

A

Antihypertensives

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15
Q

What toxic substance accumulates in paracetamol overdose

A

N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)

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16
Q

How is paracetamol overdose treated

A

acetyl cysteine

17
Q

In which individuals should the dose of paracetamol be reduced

A

those at risk of overdose due to increased NAPQI or reduced glutathione stores

18
Q

Which individuals are at risk of paracetamol OD due to excess NAPQI production

A

Chronic alcoholics

19
Q

Which individuals are at risk of paracetamol OD due to reduced glutathione stores

A

Malnutrition

Low Body Weight <50Kg

20
Q

Explain which drugs interact with paracetamol

A

CYP inducers carbamazepine and phenytoin increase the rate of NAPQI production and risk of liver toxicity after paracetamol OD

21
Q

What are the 3 routes of administration of paracetamol

A

PO, IV infusion, Rectal

22
Q

What is the usual dose of paracetamol

A

0.5 - 1g 4-6hrly

23
Q

What is maximum dose of paracetamol allowed

A

4g per day

24
Q

When are effects of paracetamol felt

A

30m after

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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