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Pharmacology > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a short-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator

A

Ipratropium

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2
Q

What is a long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator

A

Tiotropium

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3
Q

What NS due anti-muscarinics inhibit

A

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

What is the effects of anti-muscarinics

A
  • Reduce smooth muscle tone (Bronchodilator, Relax Bladder)
  • Reduce secretions
  • Pupil dilation and prevent accommodation
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5
Q

What are adverse side effects of anti-muscarinics

A

Inhaled: Resp Irritation - sinusitus, cough

Anti-muscarinic:

  • Dry mouth
  • Headaches
  • Blurred vision
  • Urinary retention
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6
Q

When should anti-muscarinics be used with caution

A

Angle closure glaucoma

Urinary retention

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7
Q

what is a short-acting B2 agonist

A

Salbutamol

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8
Q

what is a long-acting B2 agonist

A

Salmetramol

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9
Q

what are two inhaler names where B2 agonist has been combined with a steroid

A

Seratide

Symbicort

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10
Q

what is the effect of B2 receptors

A

Increases dilation of smooth muscle

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11
Q

what is the role of B2 agonists in hyperkalaemia

A

Increases action Na+ - K+ increasing potassium uptake into cells

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12
Q

what are SEs of B2 agonists

A

Those of sympathetic activation:

  • Tachycardia
  • Palpitations
  • Tremor
  • Anxiety
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13
Q

how does B2 agonists affect glucose concentration and how

A

Increases it - due to causes glycogenlysis

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14
Q

what may happen at high doses of B2 agonists

A

increase lactate

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15
Q

what can LABAs cause

A

muscle cramps

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16
Q

what should a LABA ALWAYS be prescribed with and why

A

ICS

LABAS on their own increase risk of asthma deaths

17
Q

when should care be taken prescribing b2 agonists

A

Cardiovascular disease - as it can cause angina and arrythmias

18
Q

what drug should not be prescribed with B2 agonists

A

B-blockers

19
Q

what needs monitoring with B2 agonist

A

K+

20
Q

what are the 3 corticosteroids

A
  • Beclmethasone
  • Fluticasone
  • Budenoside
21
Q

what is the MOA of corticosteoroids

A

Upregulate anti-inflammatory genes, decreasing mucosal inflammation and secretion

22
Q

what are 2 local side effects of corticosteroids

A

Oral candiasis

Hoarse voice

23
Q

what is there evidence inhaled corticosteroids may do in COPD

A

Increase risk pneumonia

24
Q

why are there little systemic SE of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Minimal concentrations is inhaled into systemic circulation

25
Q

when should inhaled corticosteroids be used with caution

A

High doses - use with caution in children due to risk of growth suppression

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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