Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
What is a short-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator
Ipratropium
What is a long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator
Tiotropium
What NS due anti-muscarinics inhibit
Parasympathetic
What is the effects of anti-muscarinics
- Reduce smooth muscle tone (Bronchodilator, Relax Bladder)
- Reduce secretions
- Pupil dilation and prevent accommodation
What are adverse side effects of anti-muscarinics
Inhaled: Resp Irritation - sinusitus, cough
Anti-muscarinic:
- Dry mouth
- Headaches
- Blurred vision
- Urinary retention
When should anti-muscarinics be used with caution
Angle closure glaucoma
Urinary retention
what is a short-acting B2 agonist
Salbutamol
what is a long-acting B2 agonist
Salmetramol
what are two inhaler names where B2 agonist has been combined with a steroid
Seratide
Symbicort
what is the effect of B2 receptors
Increases dilation of smooth muscle
what is the role of B2 agonists in hyperkalaemia
Increases action Na+ - K+ increasing potassium uptake into cells
what are SEs of B2 agonists
Those of sympathetic activation:
- Tachycardia
- Palpitations
- Tremor
- Anxiety
how does B2 agonists affect glucose concentration and how
Increases it - due to causes glycogenlysis
what may happen at high doses of B2 agonists
increase lactate
what can LABAs cause
muscle cramps
what should a LABA ALWAYS be prescribed with and why
ICS
LABAS on their own increase risk of asthma deaths
when should care be taken prescribing b2 agonists
Cardiovascular disease - as it can cause angina and arrythmias
what drug should not be prescribed with B2 agonists
B-blockers
what needs monitoring with B2 agonist
K+
what are the 3 corticosteroids
- Beclmethasone
- Fluticasone
- Budenoside
what is the MOA of corticosteoroids
Upregulate anti-inflammatory genes, decreasing mucosal inflammation and secretion
what are 2 local side effects of corticosteroids
Oral candiasis
Hoarse voice
what is there evidence inhaled corticosteroids may do in COPD
Increase risk pneumonia
why are there little systemic SE of inhaled corticosteroids
Minimal concentrations is inhaled into systemic circulation
