T&O Flashcards
What is a Colles fracture?
Falling onto an outstretched hand
1. Transverse fracture of the radius
2. 1 inch proximal to the radio-carpal joints
3. Dorsal displacement and angulation
What is a Smiths fracture?
- Volar angulation of the distal radius fragment (garden spade deformity)
- Caused by falling backwards onto the palm of an outstretched hand or falling with wrists flexed
What is the mechanism of injury in a Bennett’s fracture?
impact on a flexed MC joint (fist fight)
How would you describe a Bennett’s fracture
Intra-articular fracture of the first MC joint
Seen as a triangular fragment at the base of the ulnar metacarpal
How would you describe a Monteggia fracture?
an ulnar fracture associated with dislocation of the radioulnar joint
How would you describe a Galeazzi fracture?
Fracture of the radius distally with associated dislocation of the radioulnar joint
How would you describe a Pott’s fracture?
Bimalleolar fracture with forced foot eversion
What is a Bartons fracture?
A smiths or Colles fracture with associated radiocarpal dislocation
How would you describe a Holstein Lewis fracture?
This is a fracture of the distal humerus with associated damage to the radial nerve
What system is used to classify fractures that involve the growth plate in children?
Salter Harris fracture
How would you describe the SALTER harris classification?
S - 1 straight through the growth plate
A - 2 - Above - through the growth plate and above involving the metaphysis
L - 3 - Lower - through the growth plate and below involving the epiphysis
T - 4 - through - through both the growth plate, epiphysis and metaphysis
E - 5 - everything - crush/compression injury
R - 5 - ruined
What structures form the ankle joint?
The talus
The tibial plafond/posterior malleolus
Distal fibula (lateral malleolus)
What are the main causes of avascular necrosis?
PLASTIC RAGS
Pancreatitis
Lupus
Alcohol
Steroids
Trauma
Idiopathic
Collagen / connective tissue disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Amyloidosis
Gauchers disease
Sickle cell
