T/L Midterm

Question 1

components of the chiropractic subluxation

Answer 1

• pathophysiology
• neuropathophysiology
• myopathology
• histopathology
• spinal kinesiopathology

Question 2

abnormal motion or position of the spinal bones is described by which component of the chiropractic subluxation

Answer 2

kinesiopathology

Question 3

abnormal nervous system function is described by which component of the chiropractic subluxation

Answer 3

neuropathophysiology

Question 4

abnormal muscle function is described by which component of the chiropractic subluxation

Answer 4

myopathology

Question 5

abnormal soft tissue function is described by which component of the chiropractic subluxation

Answer 5

histopathology

Question 6

abnormal function of the spine and body is described by which component of the chiropractic subluxation

Answer 6

pathophysiology

Question 7

4 conditions related to myotomes

Answer 7

• trigger pionts
• fibromyalgia
• myofacial pain syndrome
• overuse syndrome

Question 8

back pain that is so bad it makes the patient sick

Answer 8

autonomic pain

Question 9

deep diffuse pain

Answer 9

sclerotome pain

Question 10

pain that follows vascular routes rather than nerve distribution

Answer 10

sclerotome pain

Question 11

how does activity affect sclerotome pain

Answer 11

exacerbates pain

Question 12

annulus fibrosis is involved with which type of pain

Answer 12

sclerotome pain

Question 13

nucleus pulposus is involved with which type of pain

Answer 13

dermatomal pain

Question 14

dermatomal pain is aka

Answer 14

radicular pain

Question 15

what are the three sensory fibers

Answer 15

• A Alpha
• A Delta
• C fibers

Question 16

large, myelinated fibers; the fastest

Answer 16

A alpha

Question 17

fibers that carry vibration and proprioception

Answer 17

A alpha

Question 18

medium to large, myelinated fibers; medium speed

Answer 18

A delta

Question 19

fibers that carry temperature

Answer 19

A delta

Question 20

small, unmyelinated, slow fibers

Answer 20

C fibers

Question 21

fibers that carry pain

Answer 21

C fibers

Question 22

which fibers carry light touch and pressure sense?

Answer 22

alpha, delta, and c fibers

Question 23

4 areas of concern for new beginning doctors

Answer 23

• omission
• wrong synthesis
• inadequate synthesis
• premature closure

Question 24

found to occur when the available data contradicted the conclusion

Answer 24

wrong synthesis

Question 25

noted when an important clinical clue was simply ignored

Answer 25

omission

Question 26

occurs when conclusions could be supported by data, but were not

Answer 26

inadequate synthesis

Question 27

when the diagnosis of the patient's condition is less than justified by the existing data

Answer 27

premature closure

Question 28

the tendency of persons to retain early hypotheses in spite of subsequent information

Answer 28

anchoring

Question 29

fear of harming the patient by losing control of the care; performance anxiety, is a phenomenon known as

Answer 29

countertransference

Question 30

the 6 history taking problems by beginning docs

Answer 30

- omission of probing "life situation" type of questions - primarily using "leading questions" - use of complex vocabulary - not enough time allowed for the patient to explain the clinical complaint - ignoring "silences" - missing non-verbal signals

Question 31

goals of clinical interviewing

Answer 31

- gathering information - establishment of effective communication - building rapport and empathy - development of trust - provision of information

Question 32

acute pain

Answer 32

a week or less

Question 33

sub acute pain

Answer 33

up to 7 weeks

Question 34

chronic pain

Answer 34

at 7 week mark

Question 35

the "patientspeak" dictionary, according to scott and weiner, converts commonly misunderstood medical terms into what

Answer 35

"plain english"

Question 36

4 osseous causes of low back pain

Answer 36

- facet degeneration - stenosis of the nerual foramina - spinal canal stenosis - lateral recess stenosis

Question 37

what age group and gender are thoracic disc herniations more likely to occur

Answer 37

males in 5th decade of life

Question 38

which levels in the thoracic spine are most prone to disc herniation

Answer 38

9th, 10th, and 11th (11th disc space has 1/4 of all disc herniations)

Question 39

A of A.R.T.

Answer 39

asymmetry

Question 40

R of A.R.T.

Answer 40

ROM

Question 41

T of A.R.T

Answer 41

tissue texture

Question 42

What percentage of population will incur back pain in their lifetime?

Answer 42

60-80%

Question 43

Percentage if LBP that self resolves in under 2 weeks

Answer 43

70-90%

Question 44

6 types of Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Answer 44

``` Glute Max Glute Min Piriformis Hamstrings Quadratus Lumborum TFL ```

Question 45

Fibromyalgia Diagnosis

Answer 45

Widespread pain | 11 of 18 trigger point areas (painful, 4 kg pressure)

Question 46

Dermatome Pain

Answer 46

Sharp Lancinating Internal Disc

Question 47

Factors predicting chronic pain patients | returning to work following injury

Answer 47

``` length of sickness/absence men return more often then women need for analgesics patient attitude pain in C/T/L spine after work fatigue ```

Question 48

BPCS

Answer 48

evaluation of functional vs organic problems of back pain

Question 49

sympathy

Answer 49

I am sorry for you

Question 50

empathy

Answer 50

I am with you, and you are not alone

Question 51

endogenous opiates

Answer 51

modulate pain

Question 52

prostaglandins

Answer 52

vasodilation/warmth

Question 53

thromboxane

Answer 53

vasoconstriction

Question 54

leukotrienes

Answer 54

inflammation | development of focal trigger points

Question 55

substance P

Answer 55

pain

Question 56

enkephalins

Answer 56

short lasting

Question 57

endorphins

Answer 57

long lasting

Question 58

partial articular pain

Answer 58

some movements cause pain, others do not

Question 59

full articular pain

Answer 59

all movement will hurt

Question 60

LBP vs Myofascial Pain

Answer 60

LBP= less active, more narcotics, higher levels of motor pain

Question 61

skin distraction technique

Answer 61

non-invassive way to measure flexion and lateral bend. mark 100 mm above PSIS and 50 mm below. Put pt through range of motion then remeasure distance.

Question 62

fixation: Bogduk

Answer 62

meniscoid entrapment

Question 63

fixation: Panjabi

Answer 63

nuclear displacement

Question 64

fixation: sandoz

Answer 64

annulus fibrosis separation

Question 65

fixation: Mootz

Answer 65

fibrous restrictions/ligamentous adhesions