T/F

Question 1

The pulse duration can be altered by increasing the depth of the image.

Answer 1

False, the sonographer CANNOT change the PD

Question 2

Absorption is the greatest contributor to attenuation in tissue.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Speculator reflectors occur when sound beam hits a small, rough interface at 90 degrees.

Answer 3

False, large smooth surface at 90 degrees

Question 4

Speculate reflectors are highly angle dependent.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

When sound strikes an interface with an oblique angle of incidence, the transmitted beam angle will equal the incident angle only if the propagation speed of medium one is faster than medium two.

Answer 5

False, the propagation speeds must be identical

Question 6

In phase waves undergo constructive interference to make a smaller, stronger wave.

Answer 6

False, the amplitudes are added together to make one big wave

Question 7

Sensitivity is the ability of a system to display weak echoes.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Q factor relates to the resolution of the image, so a high Q factor is better than a low one.

Answer 8

False, Q factor is related to purity of the sound beam

High Q factor means a purer beams which means a narrow bandwidth, longer pulse length and reduced image quality

Question 9

Array transducers steer the beam electronically, either in a sequential pattern or a phased pattern.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Linear array transducers have the elements arranged in a line and are fired one at a time in a sequence.

Answer 10

False, they are fired in small groups in a sequence.

Ex: (1-2-3) …. (4-5-6)

Question 11

Curvilinear array transducers are best for abdominal, gynecology, and obstetrics imaging.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

All transducers electronically focus the beam.

Answer 12

False, mechanical transducers have a fixed focus

Question 13

Pulse wave transducers have two crystals, one to transmit sound and one to receive.

Answer 13

False, continuous wave transducer have two crystals

Question 14

An axial resolution of 0.4 mm is better than 0.2 mm.

Answer 14

False, 0.2 mm is better axial resolution because two reflectors could be that close to each other and you’d still be able to tell the difference between them

Question 15

The beam former controls the timing of signals sent to individual elements for steering and focusing of the beam.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Increasing the receiver gain will increase the output power.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

When using tissue harmonic imaging, the machine processes the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic.

Answer 17

False, the fundamental frequency is filtered out

Question 18

Harmonic signals are produced by the patient, not the transducer.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Rectification turns positive voltages into negative voltages.

Answer 19

False, negative to positive

Question 20

It is better to have more shades of grays than more pixels.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Read zoom is a preprocessing function that enlarges the image by magnifying the pixels.

Answer 21

False, it does magnify the pixels but it is a post processing function

Question 22

Comet tail is a type of refraction artifact.

Answer 22

False, reverberation artifact

Question 23

Comet tail artifact is caused by sound interacting with small air bubbles.

Answer 23

False, comet tail is caused by small structure like surgical clips or Adenomyomatosis

Question 24

Ring down caused by sound making air bubbles vibrate.

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

With mirror image artifact, the duplicate object will always appear closer that the actual structure.

Answer 25

False, it appears deeper

Question 26

Spatial compounding eliminates edge shadowing which reduces margin delineation.

Answer 26

False, improves margin delineation

Question 27

Side lobes occur with array transducers and grating lobes occur with single element transducers.

Answer 27

False, side is single and grating is array

Question 28

All artifacts are negative and should be eliminated.

Answer 28

False, shadowing and enhancement can be beneficial in differentiating between benign and malignant processes

Question 29

Coded excitation improves signal to noise ratio.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

DICOM is the standard for storing in imaging systems.

Answer 30

False, it is the standard for data exchange among imaging systems

Question 31

Blood flows to higher pressure areas of vessels.

Answer 31

False, to low pressure areas

Question 32

The fastest velocity is found in the boundary layer of laminar flow.

Answer 32

False, fastest velocity is in the center

Boundary layer is region of stationary blood cells

Question 33

Turbulent flow is ALWAYS a sign of disease.

Answer 33

False, it may occur in tortuous vessels, in dips (carotid bulbs) and if sample gate is too close to the side of the wall

Question 34

Vector array transducers commonly produce a sector image shape.

Answer 34

False, phased array transducers do

Question 35

There are two forms of cavitation: inertial and normal.

Answer 35

False. Inertial, transient and normal are the same. The correct answer is stable and normal