T cells & the Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) Flashcards
What are B cells in their native conformation ?
B cell antigens are extracellular in their native
conformation
What are T cell antigens ?
T cell antigens are short peptide fragments of processed & presented antigen
T cells can only see antigen when it is bound to ?
T cells can only see antigen when it is bound to MHC molecules on the surfaces of antigen presenting cells
What are T cell antigens only?
T cell antigen are only protein peptides
Both extracellular & intracellular antigen is recognised ?
By T cells
Antigen processing in APCs generate ?
Pathogen protein peptides
APCs then present peptides bound ?
By Major Histocompatability
Complex (MHC) to T cells – Antigen presentation
Explain Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) ?
Identifies one of the main subset of T cells that recognise peptides on MHC class II
Explain Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) ?
Identifies one of the main subset of T cells that recognise peptides on MHC class I
What does CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells directly do ?
Kills infected/damaged cells (e.g. virus infection or cancer)
What does CD4+ T helper cells are ?
Master controllers that function using cytokines to control & regulate other cells
What is the subset of CD4+ T helper (Th) cell ?
5 subsets which defend against extracellular pathogens (cytokines, macrophage activation) - Th1 cells - Th2 cells - Th17 cells - Thfh cells - Treg cells
What is Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) ?
- Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are genes in major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) that help code for proteins that differentiate between self and non-self
- They play a significant role in disease and immune defence
- They are beneficial to the immune system but can also have detrimental effects
What is the function of the MHC genes ?
Encode the MHC proteins on
antigen presenting cells that
present antigen
Mating with mice that had different MHC genes,
produced ?
Offspring with stronger immune systems able to combat wider variety of diseases