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Immuno Exam II > T Cells > Flashcards

T Cells Flashcards

1
Q

T cells are made of ______ from BONE MARROW and mature in the ____

A

WBC

thymus

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2
Q

3 types of T cells

A

killer T
helper T
regulatory T

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3
Q

Helper & Killer T cells require _______ before they can function, the 3 APC’s are ____, ____ & _____

A

activation
activated dendritic cells
activated macrophages
activated B cells

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4
Q

_____ recognize it’s COGNATE ANTIGEN

A

t cell receptors

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5
Q

______ recognize the MHC (I OR II)

A

co-receptor

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6
Q

_____ recognize misc other molecules

A

co-stimulators

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7
Q

If the T cell sees “self” being present by other cells (MHC + peptide), it _____

A

dies

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8
Q

If the T cell recognizes self-antigen, but doesn’t get stimulated (cognate antigen on MHC, NO co-stimulation) it will be rendered ________

A

inactive (anergized)

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9
Q

If the T cell sees non-self and gets co-stimulated (recognizes cognate antigen on MHC + co-stimulation , it is _____

A

activated

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10
Q

T cells only recognize peptides presented by _____ or _____ molecules and are NOT as diverse as _____

A

MHC I or II

B cells

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11
Q

Two types of TCRs

A

αβ

γδ

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12
Q

traditional TCR; 95% of all TCRs

A

αβ

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13
Q

γδ are considered _____; found in the ____, _____ & ______ and LESS diverse

A

non traditional

intestine, uterus & tongue

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14
Q

α and β are used for

A

antigen recognition

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15
Q

CD4 and CD8 are called _____ & used for ______

A

co-receptors

MHC recognition

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16
Q

B7 proteins are ______ molecules expressed on surface of APC

A

co-stimulatory

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17
Q

γ δ ε and ζ are part of ____ & used for _____

A

CD3

signaling

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18
Q

CD4 is expressed on _____ and attaches to _____

A

helper T cells

MHC II

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19
Q

CD8 is expressed on ______ and attaches to ____

A

killer T cells

MHC I

20
Q

the combination of co-stimulation molecules will depend upon ______ and the _____ of body

A

pathogen

area

21
Q

____ are formed once T cells are activated by CO-STIMULATION and contain large # of signaling molecules

A

lipid rafts

22
Q

_____ cells may first activate T cells in lymph node
_____ reactive T cells
_______ is easier because a RAFT has formed

A

activated dendritic cells
macrophages
re-activation

23
Q

Helper T cells constantly scan _____ in lymph nodes

A

dendritic cells

24
Q

dendritic cells (APC) goes to activate other _____ T Cells; these then _______ and make more ____

A

helper
proliferate
IL-2

25
Q

2 main jobs of helper T cells

A
  1. remain in blood and lymph to provide help for B cells and CTLs
  2. leave the blood and enter battle sites providing help for “solider on front line”
26
Q

help for helper T cells comes from _____, which are communication proteins for the immune system (and others)

A

cytokines

27
Q

helper T cells secrete ______ in SPECIFIC combinations or subsets depending on the stimulus or circumstance; 3 major subsets are ___, ____ & ____

A

cytokines
Th1
Th2
Th17

28
Q

______ senses gram NEGATIVE and proteins made by certain viruses

A

TLR4

29
Q

_____ recognizes double stranded RNA

A

TLR3

30
Q

_____ identifies gram POSITIVE bacteria

A

TLR2

31
Q

_____ are viral or bacterial subset of helper T cells

response is __________

A 
Th1
classical cytokines (TNF, IFN-γ, IL-2)
32
Q

____ are parasitic attack or food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria
response is _______

A

Th2

intestines under attack (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13)

33
Q

_____ are fungal attack

response is _______

A

Th17

make neutrophils

34
Q

____ are unbiased when first activated; retain ability to make wide variety of cytokines

A

Th0

35
Q

IL-12 from macrophage →
IL-4 →
IL-6 and TGFβ from AP dendritic cell →

A

TH1
Th2
TH17

36
Q

once a helper T cell makes a certain type of cytokine profile, it is _______

A

very limited (committed)

37
Q

naive CTL (killer T cells) need an _____ for activation (bind for hours)

A

activated dendritic cell

38
Q

when these 3 are activated together, the response is much greater

A

activated dendritic cell
CTL
helper T cell

39
Q

complete activation of helper T cell takes ____ hours

A

10

40
Q

Killer T cells kill by delivering package with ____ and _____

A

perforin

granzyme B

41
Q

pokes holes in membrane

A

perforin

42
Q

initiates a chain reaction leading to target cell suicide

A

granzyme B

43
Q

CTL connects its _____ to the ______ on the target cell

A

Fas ligand

Fas protein

44
Q

______ is a death receptor on the surface of cell

A

fas receptor

45
Q

_____ causes a programmed cell death or apoptosis

A

fas ligand

46
Q

enzymes and chemicals from the dying cell are released into surrounding tissue; extremely dangerous

A

necrosis

47
Q

enzymes and chemicals from dying cell are neatly contained in vesicles; vesicles are eaten and disposed by macrophages

A

apoptosis

Immuno Exam II (5 decks)

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