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HDM Exam 2 > T-cell Mediated Immunity > Flashcards

T-cell Mediated Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what on mature naive T-cells is expressed at low levels but during activation expressed at high levels

A

CD28

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2
Q

what adhesion molecules are on Mature naive T cells

A

LFA-1 and VLA-4

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3
Q

How do T cells enter lymph nodes

A

via HEV

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4
Q

what cells are capable of activating naive T cells

A

Dendritic Cells (DC)

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5
Q

what cells activate memory T cells

A

B-cells and Macrophages

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6
Q

what is the chemokine receptor for naive T cells?

What is the chemokine receptor for an Activated (effector or memory) T cell?

A

Naive: CCR7

Activated: CXCR3

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7
Q

What allows LFA-1 (beta-2 integrin) on T-cells to go from low to high affinity integrin

A

CCR7

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8
Q

describe how T cells come to complete arrest and migrate into lymphoid tissue

A

We have TCR/HLA Ag recognition –> expresses CCR7 allows LFA-1 (beta-2 integrin) to go from low to high affinity integrin –> binds tightly to ICAM-1 on APC and comes to stop

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9
Q

What are the chemokine receptors on Endothelial Cells

A

CCL19 or CCL21

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10
Q

what selectin ligands does an ACTIVATED T cell express?

What selectins do Naive T-cells express? and what does it do

A

Activated: E and P selectin ligands

Naive: L-selectin –> initial weak adhesion of naive T cells

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11
Q

What are the signaling transduction molecules on a T cell

A

CD3 –> ITAM (activating)
CD28 –> B7 (co-stimulation)
CTLA-4 –> B7 (CD80) = INHIBITS
PD-1 + ITIM –> PD-L1 = INHIBITS

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12
Q

What does CTLA-4 on the T cell bind with? What does it do?

A

CTLA-4 binds with B7 (CD80) on APC and INHIBITS

it outcompetes CD28

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13
Q

What does PD-1 and ITIM do on the T-cell

A

binds with PD-L1 on APC and INHIBITS

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14
Q

ITAMS vs. ITIMS

A 
ITAMS = activating
ITIMS = inhibit
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15
Q

What surface molecule on T cells is constitutively expressed

A

CD28

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16
Q

what is CD80

A

B7

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17
Q

Describe the signal of T-cell activation.

Once TCR has bound to MHC/Antigen complex (APC), TCR upregulates what which causes?

A

up-regulates CD40L which binds CD40 (DC) –> causes up-regulation of B7 on DC which binds to CD28 on T-cell and DC secretes cytokines ==> Full T-Cell Activation

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18
Q

What cell is responsible for activating T-cells

A

Dendritic Cells

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19
Q

What leads to DC activation

A

CD40L binding to CD40

20
Q

CD154 =?

A

CD40L

21
Q

in the intracellular signaling of T cells what does

NFAT increase?

A

IL-2 Transcription = T cell activator

22
Q

what cytokine do Dendritic cells secrete that activates T cells

A

IL-12

23
Q

what two T cell proteins are the first to be upregulated and contribute to AP-1 formation?

A

C-fos and C-jun

24
Q

what is IL-2R-alpha?

A

CD25a

Made by T-cells and its the IL-2 cytokine receptor

25
Q

what two cells use Fas-L to induce apoptosis

A

NK and CD8 T cells

26
Q

what happens to T cells that recognize antigens WITHOUT binding of co-stimulatory ligands or cytokine support

A

will not be activated = anergic

27
Q

How is IL-2 an autocrine signal for T-cells and describe its role in T cell proliferation

** know this**

A

Activated T-cells release IL-2 which binds to IL-2R –> causes more IL-2 production and IL-2Ralpha chain production –> then forms the IL-2R-alpha beta/gamma complex which has high affinity –> causes IL-2 induced T cell proliferation

other T cells in area can interacti with IL-2 being produced by activated T cell thru IL-2R –> clonal expansion

28
Q

How does a T cell become trapped?
T cell binds Ag on APC and becomes activated –> upregulates ____ expression –> binds ___ –> keeps T cells in lymphoid tissue

A

CD69

binds S1PR

29
Q

what is S1PR? What can block this?

A

used to move T cells thru lymph tissue. CD69 binds S1PR blocking that receptor = trapping T cells

30
Q

What does Th17 secrete and what does it do

A

IL-17, IL-22 –> neutrophil recruitment and activation

31
Q

what are the transcription factors for Th17

A

ROR-gamma-t and STAT3

32
Q

what is the transcription factor for Th1

A

T-bet

33
Q

what cells does Th1 activate

A

M1 Macrophages and NK cells by secreting IFN-gamma and IL-12

34
Q

what does IFN-gamma do

A 
activates M1 macrophages
Activates B-cells for complement binding and class switching

stimulates Class 2 HLA and B7 (CD80) expression)

35
Q

what is the Th2 cell transcription factor

A

GATA-3

36
Q

what role does Th2 have? What macrophage does it suppport?

A

deals with allergens/helminths by stimulating IgE, mast cells, eosinophils and class switching

supports M2 alternative macrophage –> leads to downregulate of M1 macrophage/cell mediated immunity

37
Q

Once T-helper cell is presented with Antigen and is active how does it migrate to edge of follicle to interact with B-cells?

A

downregulates CCR7 and upregulates CXCR5 (b cell receptor) and expresses CTLA-4 (inhibitory)

38
Q

how does an activated B cell migrate to the edge of a primary follicle to interact with T-helper cell

A

downregulate CXCR5 and upregulates CCR7 (T-cell chemokine receptor)

39
Q

IL-4 induces what class switching

A

IgE, IgG4

40
Q

TGF-beta induces what class switching

A

IgA

41
Q

what do Treg cells constitutively express?

A

CTLA-4 and CD25

42
Q

what is the T-reg transcription factor

A

FOXp3

43
Q

What does CTLA-4 binding to B7 do?

A

causes T cell inhibition and shuts down IL-2 production

44
Q

Where are gamma/Delta T cells found?

A

epithelial boundaries

can recognize non-proteins and DAMPS

45
Q

how does a predominant Th2 response to an intracellular microbe lead to poor disease outcomes

A

Th2 releases IL-13 which stimulates M2 macrophages = anti-inflammatory

46
Q

tuberculoid leprosy is primarily what T-cell response?

lepromatous leprosy?

A 
tuberculoid = Th1 response
lepromatous = Th2 response

HDM Exam 2 (6 decks)

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