CIS 3 Flashcards
passive immunity
process of giving humoral immunity i.e. Antibodies, aniti-serum
immediate
used to protect immunosuppressed patients
active immunity
process of giving antigen
produces memory
what is natural immunization
actually having the infection; not getting a vaccine
transfer of IgG across placenta is what
passive immunity
preventing disease after exposure is an example of
passive immunity
what are two examples of combined passive-active immunity
tetanus and rabies
what are types of inactivated vaccines
killed or inactivated viruses
- subunit or component
- toxoid
- conjugate
types of experimental vaccines
dna
recombinant vector
what are adjuvants? what happens with them
are proteins/bacterial components/oils added to vaccines to increase effectiveness
invokes a mild inflammation that attracts phagocytes
what is freund’s incomplete adjuvant vs. complete adjuvant
incomplete: oil-in-water emulsion
complete: oil-in-water emulsion with dead mycobacteria –>leads to induction of co-stimulators in macrophages
describe conjugate vaccine? give an example
used to vaccine against capsular polysaccharide bacteria that elicit TI response.
linkage of polysaccharide to either an antigen or toxoid (protein) forming an immunogen (T-D antigen)
ex: HiB vaccine = H/ Influenza Type B
what is immunological tolerance
unresponsiveness of adaptive immune system to antigens as result of inactivation/death of antigen-specific lymphocytes induced by exposure to the antigen
what kind of antigen/factors promote immune tolerance
soluble, aggregate-free, small antigens
given oral or IV
very young or very old people
very large or small dose of Ag
what kind of antigen/factors promote adaptive immune response
large, aggregated complex antigens
subcutaneous or IM injections
age: everyone but old and young people
intermediate dose of antigen
do polysaccharide/ TI antigens promote immune tolerance?
yes cuz they are small
