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Immunology > T Cell II (CD4) > Flashcards

T Cell II (CD4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of CD4 cells?

A

Activate phagocytes and B cells

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2
Q

What happens to the levels of CD40L expression after CD4 activation and what does it bind?

A

Increases after activation and interacts with macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells (remember still need cytokines)

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3
Q

Which cytokines activate TH1 cells?

A

IFN-gamma from NK cells and IL-12 from DCs or macrophages

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4
Q

Which txn factors are required for TH1 differentiation?

A

STAT1, STAT4, and Tbet

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5
Q

Which cytokines activate TH2 cells?

A

IL-4 from mast cells

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6
Q

Which txn factors are required for TH2 differentiation?

A

STAT6, GATA-3

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7
Q

Which cytokines activate TH17 cells?

A

TGF-beta, IL-6, and IL-23 from macrophages and DCs

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8
Q

Which txn factors are required for TH17 differentiation?

A

STAT3 and ROR-gammaI

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9
Q

Which cytokines activate TH9 cells?

A

TGF-beta and IL-4

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10
Q

Which cytokines activate TfH cells?

A

IL-6

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11
Q

What is the overall function of TH1 cells?

A

Macrophage and B-cell activation to kill intracellular bacteria

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12
Q

What is the function of TH9 cells?

A

allergic inflammation

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13
Q

What is the function of TfH cells?

A

Antibody generation for B-cell dependent responses

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14
Q

Which cytokines do TH1 cells release?

A

IFN-gamma

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15
Q

What are the functions of IFN-gamma released by TH1 cells?

A
  1. B cell complement binding and opsonization with IgG

2. Classical macrophage activation (most important effect)

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16
Q

What do macrophages do after being stimulated by IFN-gamma released by TH1 cells?

A

Produce reactive oxygen species (NO)
Secrete TNF, IL-1, IL-2 for leukocyte recruitment
Increase MHC expression for increased T cell activation

17
Q

What is a consequence of TH1 over activation?

A

Autoimmunity

18
Q

What is the overall function of TH2 cells?

A

Phagocyte-independent eosinophil-mediated immunity against helminths

19
Q

What cytokines do TH2 cells release?

A

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13

20
Q

What is the effect of IL-13,IL-14 release by TH2 cells in terms of macrophages?

A

Activation of the alternative macrophage pathway for tissue protection and repair

21
Q

What is the function of IL-4 released from TH2 cells in terms of B cells?

A

B cell activation and antibody production. Causes IgE release that causes mast cell degeneration

22
Q

What is the function of IL-5 released by TH2 cells?

A

Eosinophil activation**

23
Q

What is the importance of the two different TH1 and TH2 macrophage activation pathways?

A

Balance of TH1 activation of classical pathway and TH2 activation of alternative pathway determines ability to fight infection

24
Q

What is the function of TH17 cells?

A

Pro-inflammation for extracellular bacteria and fungi

25
Q

Which cytokines do TH17 cells release?

A

IL-17 and IL-22

26
Q

What is the function of IL-17 released by TH17 cells?

A

Stimulates acute inflammation and release of other cytokines (chemokines, TNF, IL-1, IL-6).
TNF = neutrophil and macrophage recruitment

27
Q

What is the function of IL-22 released by TH17 cells?

A

Maintained epithelial barrier function.

28
Q

What do both IL-17 and IL-22 released from TH17 cells stimulate?

A

Antimicrobial production

29
Q

What is the clinical relevance of TH17 activity?

A

May take part in chronic inflammation because has widespread effects on the body

30
Q

What microbes do CD4’s mainly fight?

A

bacteria and parasites NOT viruses (extracellular)

Immunology (6 decks)

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