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Immunology > T Cell I > Flashcards

T Cell I Flashcards

1
Q

What type of antigens do MHC I present and what T cell type do they present to?

A

Intracellular antigens and present to CD8 CTLs

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2
Q

What type of antigens do MHC II present and what T cell type do they present to?

A

Extracellular antigens and present to CD4 T helper cells

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3
Q

Which events in the T cell life cycle occur in primary lymphoid organs?

A

Ag recognition via APC presentation, induction and T cell expansion and differentiation

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4
Q

What are the effector functions of CD4 cells?

A

Leukocyte activation (inflammation), phagocytosis and killing of microbes

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5
Q

What are the three types of stimuli critical for T cell activation?

A

Antigen recognition, costimulation to maximize, and cytokines (IL-2) to amplify/ direct response

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6
Q

Which steps in the T cell lifecycle are common between CD4 and CD8 T cells?

A

Ag recognition, activation, clonal expansion, differentiation

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7
Q

What is the function of CD3?

A

Signal transduction via ITAMs

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8
Q

What is the function of CD28 and what does it bind on the APC?

A

Signal transduction (costimulation) via B7-1 or B7-2

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9
Q

What is the function of CTLA-1 and what does it bind on the APC?

A

Negative regulation and binds B7

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10
Q

What is the function of LFA-1 on T cells and what does it bind?

A

Adhesion, signal transduction. binds ICAM-1 on APCs and endothelium. Helps change binding to high affinity after antigen binding

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11
Q

What is the function of VLA-4 and what does it bind?

A

Adhesion, signal transduction. Binds VCAM-1 on endothelium

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12
Q

Does the TCR have a signaling domain?

A

NO. just used to bind MHC/ antigen and coreceptors. Their high diversity variable chains paired with consistent signaling domains

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13
Q

What are the steps to signal transduction in the T cell (TCR to ZAP-70)

A
  1. alpha/ beta chains bind peptide +MHC
  2. CD3 complexes with ITAMS
  3. CD4/8 tails associated with Lck src kinase
  4. CD45 phosphatase removes inhibitory phosphate on Lck
  5. Lck phosphorylates ITAMS on CD3
  6. phosphorylated ITAMS= Zap-70 binding site
  7. Zap-70 phosphorylated by Lck= docking site
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14
Q

What kind of protein is Lck, how is it activated, and what is its function?

A

Src kinase activated by CD45. Phosphorylates ITAMS on CD3 and Zap-70

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15
Q

What two signals are required for TCR signal transduction?

A

TCR/ MHC/ coreceptor + CD28 signal (and IL-12 release)

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16
Q

What 3 proteins are a product of the TCR signaling pathways and what pathways are they associated with?

A
  1. NFAT (PLC/Calcineurin dephosphorylation)
  2. NFkB (IkB inhibitory phosphorylation)
  3. AP-1 (Fos/Jun joining)
17
Q

What is the function of NFkB in the TCR signaling pathway?

A

IL-12 transcription (activation of NK cells)

18
Q

What is the first genetic change in T cell metamorphosis?

A

IL-2 and IL-2R gene txn = signal for T cell differentiation/ activation/ clonal expansion

19
Q

Which molecule is the earliest detected surface marker in activated T cells?

A

CD69

20
Q

What does T cell activation and transcription of Il-2 entail?

A

Causes binding of the alpha chain to switch from low affinity to high affinity= launch of clonal expansion

21
Q

What three chains make up the IL2-R?

A

alpha, beta, gamma

22
Q

What signaling pathway is associated with the gamma chain of the IL-2R?

A

JAK3 signaling. Mutation= SCID

23
Q

What is the function of Rampamycin?

A

Inhibits IL-2 signaling

24
Q

Name four properties of T cell cytokines

A
  1. produced transiently
  2. Usually acts in autocrine or paracrine fashion
  3. Pleiotrophic
  4. Redundancy
25
Q

Which cells produce IL-2?

A

CD4/ CD8

26
Q

Which cells produce IL-4 and what is its function?

A

CD4/ mast cells. Function = B cell switching to IgE

27
Q

Which cells produce IL-5 and what is its function?

A

CD4/ mast cells. Eosinophil activation

28
Q

Which cells produce IFN-gamma and what is its function?

A

CD4/ CD8/ Natural killer cells. Function= macrophage activation

29
Q

Which cells produce IL-17 and what is its function?

A

CD4 + others. Function= Stimulate acute inflammation

30
Q

Which cells produce TGF-Beta and what is its function?

A

CD4 + others. Inhibit T-cell activation and cause differentiation of Treg cells.

Immunology (6 decks)

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