Sz

Question 1

How does the DSM-II define Sz?

Answer 1

At least 2 or more positive symptoms for over a month

Question 2

Wilks study with what, showed what?

Answer 2

RBANS showed high test-retest reliability

Question 3

Whose study showed the unreliability of diagnosis of Sz?

Answer 3

Rosenhan

Question 4

What did Copeland find?

Answer 4

Gave 134 US and 194 British psychiatrists a description of a patient. 69% of US diagnosed Sz whereas 2% UK.

Question 5

Who estimated 50% comorbid depression in Sz patients?

Answer 5

Buckley. He also said 47% had comorbid substance abuse.

Question 6

Klosterklotter assessed 489 entries to German psychiatric hospitals and found what?

Answer 6

Positive symptoms are more useful for diagnosis that negative ones.

Question 7

Who found rates of Sz in African-Caribbeans was 8 times higher than white populations?

Answer 7

Harrison, suggesting misdiagnosis is a factor.

Question 8

What was the first biological therapy for Sz?

Answer 8

ECT

Question 9

Who’s study showed that ECT had lower recovery rates than those without ECT

Answer 9

Karagulla

Question 10

What is an example of a conventional antipsychotic

Answer 10

Clozapine

Question 11

How does an antipsychotic like Clozapine work?

Answer 11

They are considered dopamine antagonists, they bind to dopamine receptors, blocking their action

Question 12

In terms of Dopamine what is Sz?

Answer 12

Too much dopamine

Question 13

Name a side effect of traditional antipsychotics

Answer 13

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 14

What did Davis do?

Answer 14

Found a higher relapse rate in those with a placebo.

Question 15

How did Ross and Road criticise placebo studies?

Answer 15

Not accurate as the proportion of relapses are explained by withdrawal symptoms.

Question 16

What do atypical drugs block?

Answer 16

Seratonin receptors

Question 17

Who said that in a study of two atypical antipsychotics, one was just ‘slightly worse’ than the other?

Answer 17

Leucht

Question 18

What does CBT aim todo?

Answer 18

Trace the origin of symptoms, and evaluate content of delusions

Question 19

What does CBT enable patients to do?

Answer 19

Develop their own beliefs to replace the maladaptive ones.

Question 20

Who found that there was a lower drop out rate when patients were receiving both Bio and Psy treatments?

Answer 20

Kuipers

Question 21

Who found the opposite of each other in reference to psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 21

May and VandenBos

Question 22

PORT considers what harmful?

Answer 22

Psychodynamic therapies for Sz

Question 23

What are the two biological explanations for Sz?

Answer 23

Genetic factors and the dopamine hypothesis

Question 24

What are the two psychological explanations of Sz

Answer 24

Psychological factors and socio-cultural factors

Question 25

Joseph stdy shows what about twins?

Answer 25

A 40% concordance rate for MZ and 7% for DZ

Question 26

Who’s study showed 6.7% of adoptees showing Sz if their biological mother has it

Answer 26

Tienari

Question 27

What is the dopamine hypothesis

Answer 27

Neutrons that transmit dopamine fire too easily or often, causing Sz

Question 28

L-dopa is a drug treating Parkinson’s, which is a lack of dopamine. What can it do?

Answer 28

Show Sz symptoms.

Question 29

What is the psychodynamic explanation of Sz?

Answer 29

Ego trying to establish control

Question 30

What is expressed emotion?

Answer 30

Family communication that involves hostility and emotional over involvement

Question 31

What is labelling theory?

Answer 31

Symptoms of Sz seen as deviant, so diagnosis can lead to self fulfilling prophecies

Question 32

Berger investigated what?

Answer 32

Double bind: found that Sz recalled more double bind statements from parents

Question 33

Expressed emotion has led to what?

Answer 33

More effective family therapies

Question 34

What was released in the 1980s to remove inter-eater reliability problems about the diagnosis of Sz?

Answer 34

DSM-II