Sz Flashcards
How does the DSM-II define Sz?
At least 2 or more positive symptoms for over a month
Wilks study with what, showed what?
RBANS showed high test-retest reliability
Whose study showed the unreliability of diagnosis of Sz?
Rosenhan
What did Copeland find?
Gave 134 US and 194 British psychiatrists a description of a patient. 69% of US diagnosed Sz whereas 2% UK.
Who estimated 50% comorbid depression in Sz patients?
Buckley. He also said 47% had comorbid substance abuse.
Klosterklotter assessed 489 entries to German psychiatric hospitals and found what?
Positive symptoms are more useful for diagnosis that negative ones.
Who found rates of Sz in African-Caribbeans was 8 times higher than white populations?
Harrison, suggesting misdiagnosis is a factor.
What was the first biological therapy for Sz?
ECT
Who’s study showed that ECT had lower recovery rates than those without ECT
Karagulla
What is an example of a conventional antipsychotic
Clozapine
How does an antipsychotic like Clozapine work?
They are considered dopamine antagonists, they bind to dopamine receptors, blocking their action
In terms of Dopamine what is Sz?
Too much dopamine
Name a side effect of traditional antipsychotics
Tardive dyskinesia
What did Davis do?
Found a higher relapse rate in those with a placebo.
How did Ross and Road criticise placebo studies?
Not accurate as the proportion of relapses are explained by withdrawal symptoms.
What do atypical drugs block?
Seratonin receptors
Who said that in a study of two atypical antipsychotics, one was just ‘slightly worse’ than the other?
Leucht
What does CBT aim todo?
Trace the origin of symptoms, and evaluate content of delusions
What does CBT enable patients to do?
Develop their own beliefs to replace the maladaptive ones.
Who found that there was a lower drop out rate when patients were receiving both Bio and Psy treatments?
Kuipers
Who found the opposite of each other in reference to psychodynamic therapy?
May and VandenBos
PORT considers what harmful?
Psychodynamic therapies for Sz
What are the two biological explanations for Sz?
Genetic factors and the dopamine hypothesis
What are the two psychological explanations of Sz
Psychological factors and socio-cultural factors
Joseph stdy shows what about twins?
A 40% concordance rate for MZ and 7% for DZ
Who’s study showed 6.7% of adoptees showing Sz if their biological mother has it
Tienari
What is the dopamine hypothesis
Neutrons that transmit dopamine fire too easily or often, causing Sz
L-dopa is a drug treating Parkinson’s, which is a lack of dopamine. What can it do?
Show Sz symptoms.
What is the psychodynamic explanation of Sz?
Ego trying to establish control
What is expressed emotion?
Family communication that involves hostility and emotional over involvement
What is labelling theory?
Symptoms of Sz seen as deviant, so diagnosis can lead to self fulfilling prophecies
Berger investigated what?
Double bind: found that Sz recalled more double bind statements from parents
Expressed emotion has led to what?
More effective family therapies
What was released in the 1980s to remove inter-eater reliability problems about the diagnosis of Sz?
DSM-II
