systems solftware

Question 1

os

Answer 1

An operating system (OS) is software that controls the computer’s hardware and software resources. It allows applications to interact with the hardware on a computer.

Question 2

did early comp have os

Answer 2

no

Question 3

what do os do

Answer 3

they manage:

Processor management
Inputs, outputs, and interrupts
Memory management
Security

Question 4

when you open a program what does os do

Answer 4

finding the appropriate data from the secondary storage and loads it into the main memory.

Question 5

what does os instruct after loading data to sec strg

Answer 5

The Processor is then instructed to execute the processes needed to open that program.

Question 6

scheduler

Answer 6

OS uses this to swap tasks in and out of the processor so that it appears to the user that the computer is carrying out more than one task at the same time.

This is known as multi-tasking

Question 7

how to incrresse efficientcy multitasking

Answer 7

incrs num of cores

Question 8

The instructions and data needed for a process have to be available in main memory. To ensure this, the OS runs?

Answer 8

a memory manager program, which:

Keeps track of what portions of memory have been allocated
Maps memory to each process
Determines how much memory to allocate to each process
Determines when a portion of memory should be available for a process

Question 9

user interface tools used for file management

Answer 9

Creating
Renaming
Moving
Deleting

Question 10

data - what does os control

Answer 10

the operating system controls how data is stored and retrieved.

The operating system keeps track of where the files are stored on the secondary storage device so that they can be quickly accessed when requested.

Question 11

backing storage management

Answer 11

Backing storage refers to any Non-volatile memory storage device. The operating system keeps a directory of where files and programs are stored so that they can be accessed quickly when they are requested and transferred into main memory.

Question 12

pros keeping a directory

Answer 12

Keeping a directory also speeds up storage and saves computational resources, rather than having to search for free space every time a user wants to save a file.

quicker access times to files as well

Question 13

key role of os

Answer 13

A key role of the operating system is controlling and using input and output (I/O) devices.

Question 14

how os manage i/o device

Answer 14

The OS manages I/O devices in various ways:

It records which device requires processor time so that the processor can communicate with the device without any conflicts
It prioritises processes based on control signals that the I/O device sends and receives

Question 15

what do devices use to allocate time to urgent things

Answer 15

to allocate time to processes that are deemed urgent, devices use interrupts

Question 16

whats an interrupt

Answer 16

An interrupt is a signal that is sent to the processor to request immediate attention. When the processor receives this request, it suspends what it is doing and runs the process associated with the interrupt.

Question 17

reasons for using interrupts

Answer 17

The processor can be interrupted for a number of reasons, including:

A hardware device has signalled that it has data to process
A hardware device has completed a task that it was asked to do
A software process needs a service to be provided or OS function to be performed
An allotted amount of time has expired and an action needs to be performed
A hardware failure has occurred and needs to be addressed

Question 18

device driver

Answer 18

A device driver is a program that controls the operation of a specific type of device that is part of a computer system

Question 19

wat do device drivers provide

Answer 19

a device driver provides an Interface that allows the operating system to interact with the device, which in turn allows it to interact with the software on your computer.

Question 20

how r deice drivers installed?`

Answer 20

drivers are installed using software that is either built into the operating system, or where necessary, downloaded from the internet`

Question 21

cons of generic device drivers

Answer 21

The generic device driver may be missing features that the specific device driver would provide
The operation of a generic device driver may be inefficient, meaning that the computer system’s performance would slow down

Question 22

how does os support secuirty of device

Answer 22

by ensuring that the system resources are protected from unauthorised access.

Question 23

os include security specific software like

Answer 23

Firewalls
Anti-malware
Checks for software updates

also can give access rights

Question 24

CLI

Answer 24

A CLI allows the user to interact with the system by typing in specific commands in a command prompt.
There are no graphics or icons

Question 25

benefits CLI

Answer 25

The main benefits of a CLI include the fact that it requires a low amount of secondary storage and RAM as there are no graphics. Experienced users and system administrators also often prefer to use a CLI as it allows a greater control over the computer system than restrictions often applied to a graphical user interface.

Question 26

GUI

Answer 26

A GUI is the most common form of operating system found on a wide range of computer systems.
Typically, a GUI is made up of:

Windows
Icons
Menus
Pointers (mouse clicks or screen presses)

Question 27

pro GUI

Answer 27

They are considered to be a user-friendly interface as they are designed to be visual and intuitive to use. This is because the user is able to interact with the icons and menus (using input devices such as a keyboard, mouse, or touchscreen) without the need to learn the specific commands required for a command line interface.

Question 28

con GUI

Answer 28

In comparison to other types of user interfaces, as a GUI includes graphics, there is a requirement for a higher capacity of secondary storage and RAM.

Question 29

con CLI

Answer 29

only experienced people can use it
not user friendly

Question 30

natural language interface

Answer 30

This interface involves the user giving instructions for the computer to perform using language you would normally use when speaking to another human being.

can be text or audio based

Question 31

con natural lang interface

Answer 31

they still suffer from not being able to interpret all the possible ranges of commands they might be given to perform certain tasks.

Question 32

what do natural lang interface rely on to output result

Answer 32

Often these systems rely on the internet to process the commands on a remote server before results are returned.