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comp sci flashycardys Flashcards

1
Q

purpose computer

A

The purpose of a computer is to take data, process it, then output it.

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2
Q

what does comp sys consist of

A

A computer system consists of hardware and software that work together to process data/complete tasks.

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3
Q

software is

A

Software is the programs or applications that a computer system
runs

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4
Q

hardware is

A

hardware are the physical components making up a computer

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5
Q

general purpose comp

A

designed to perform many tasks

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6
Q

dedicated sys

A

designed for one particular function

these are typically embedded systems

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7
Q

whats embedded sys

A

Embedded systems are computers built into other devices

usually dedicated systems

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8
Q

embd system often used as

A

Embedded systems are often used as control systems — they monitor and control machinery
in order to achieve a desired result.

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9
Q

pros embd sys

A

As they’re dedicated to a single task, embedded systems are usually easier to design,
cheaper to produce, and more efficient at doing their task than a general purpose computer.

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10
Q

power supply

A

Power supply — supplies power
to motherboard, optical and
hard drives, and other hardware.

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11
Q

case cooling fan

A

Case cooling fan — extracts
hot air from the computer case.

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12
Q

cpu heat sink and cooling fan

A

CPU heat sink and cooling fan —
keeps the CPU at a steady temperature
(CPUs generate a lot of heat).

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13
Q

cpu componenet

A

CPU (hidden under the
heat sink) — the most
important component.
Does all the processing

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14
Q

optical drive

A

Optical drive —
for read/writing of
optical discs

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15
Q

motherboard

A

Motherboard — The main circuit
board in the computer, where
the hardware is connected.

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16
Q

hard disk drive

A

Hard Disk Drive — Internal
secondary storage

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17
Q

cpu performance depend on

A

clock speed, number of cores and cache size

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18
Q

control unit job

A

The control unit is in overall control of the CPU. Its main job is to execute
program instructions by following the fetch-decode-execute cycle

also manages other components in processor

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19
Q

cu tasks

A

Ensures the execution of instructions in the correct sequence
Decodes every instruction that the processor will execute
Sends and receives control signals to and from other components
Checks that signals have been delivered successfully
Controls flow of data inside and outside CPU

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20
Q

what does cu also contain

A

The control unit also contains the clock. This is a tiny component that controls the rate at which instructions are executed in the processor

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21
Q

clock

A

The clock signal is used to synchronise the operations of the processor components.

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22
Q

what if clock fail

A

Then the operations of the processor components inside the processor would not be synchronised and it would not be able to process any data. The computer would not work.

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23
Q

alu job

A

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is the component of the CPU that carries out the following:

Arithmetic calculations
Logical operations: such as AND, OR, NOT
Comparisons between values, such as greater than, less than, equal to

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24
Q

what alu contain

A

accumulator

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25
cache speeds comparison
faster than ram slower than register
26
what cache store
It stores regularly used data so that the CPU can access it quickly the next time it’s needed. When the CPU requests data, it checks the cache first to see if the data is there. If not, it will fetch it from RAM.
27
cons cache
Caches have a very low capacity and are expensive compared to RAM and secondary storage.
28
levels of cahce
There are different levels of cache memory — L1, L2 and L3. L1 is quickest but has the lowest capacity. L2 is slower than L1 but can hold more. L3 is slower than L2 but can hold more.
29
job of network interface card
an expansion card letting computer connect to a LAN has a unique, unchangeable MAC address assigned to it which is used to deliver data packets to the computer implements physical circuitry necessary so computer can communicate with ethernet or wifi
30
job of transmission media
is the cabling used in a network provides physical pathway for communication between devices. two types: wired and wireless 3 types of wired media: coaxial, fibre optic and twisted pair wireless media transmit EM signals using radio waves/microwaves/infrared waves
31
job of modem
converts data into sound so that network can connect to internet using phone lines converts digital data into analogue sound and vice versa can connect home network to internet using phone lines can handle authentication
32
gen purpose regs
General-purpose registers are used to store the results of the intermediate calculations that are part of larger computations.
33
spec purpose reg
Dedicated or special-purpose registers are processor-based registers that are used for a specific purpose.
34
what von neu arch consist of
The von Neumann architecture consists of a Processor a Memory unit that can communicate directly with the processor connections for input and output devices Secondary storage for saving/backing up data
35
The processor can access the instructions and data in the main memory as required to execute the program. to do this what does it use
It does this by using dedicated connections called buses: an address bus is used to identify the addressed location a data bus is used to transfer the contents to/from that location A third bus, the control bus, is used to synchronise and control operations.
36
is cache volatile
yes
37
more cores mean
Generally speaking, the more cores a computer has, the more instructions it can execute. As a result, the computer will perform more efficiently than computers with the same type of processor but fewer cores.
38
why dbl core not dbl clock speed
the cores have to communicate with each other and have to take their turn when accessing the cache and RAM
39
what do most modern embd sys contain
Modern embedded systems usually contain a microcontroller, which consists of a central processing unit (CPU) to process data, as well as a fixed amount of RAM and ROM. All the components are on a single printed circuit board.
40
what do emb sys use to control hardware
Embedded systems use software known as firmware to control the hardware
41
where is firmware programmed
Firmware is usually programmed in the factory where the microcontroller is produced
42
can u directly interact with firmware
no
43
def bus
physical pathway shared by signals to and from components of computer system
44
what is used to develop firmware
Assembly language is often used to develop firmware, as it provides direct control over specific hardware components.
45
DRAM VS SRAM
SRAM faster n more expensive
46
bios
enures all essential hardware communicate effectively launches OS
47
what to consider when comared sec strgae
capacity speed - how quick data access portability durability - can it be dmged easily in use rreliability - how long it last? error often occur? cost
48
common uses magnetc applications and capacity
ideal 4 fixed location desktop pc used in larger network storage systems ideal 4 larger document size 1-5TB
49
avantagemagentic
high capacityfor low cost fast data access
50
disadvantage mag
disk eventually fail easilydamaged, can cause corruption of data large size complex movinh parts increase power requirements magnets can destroy it
51
optical strogae application
portable system CDlowest capcity DVD medim capacity Blu-Ray highest capacity
52
advantage optical storage
cheap manufacture portable wide availble
53
disvantges optical
disc damaged easily, degreade over time limited capcity compatibiltiy issues
54
ssd appications
usb phones/tablets cameras laptops game consoles high end desktop comps
55
avantage ssd
use less pwr than mag hard drive faster read write access than mag small size no moving parts
56
disvantage ssd
expensive wear out over time capacity not very high
57
good communications protocol includes
how to set up/end a connection how to start/end message how to deal w/ corrupted data how to format data being sent
58
tcp part of tcp/ip protocol does
prepares messages 4 transmission and reassembles any received messages
59
how does tcp protocol do job
divide message into packets add sequence number add error correction info to packet examine each packet for errors and fixes if possible requests missing or corrupt packets to be resent reassembles message back into crrect squence
60
ip part of tcp/ip
responsible for providing desination address and source address to each packet ignores packets w/ wrong adress on them
61
disavantag pop
can handle only 1 mailbox messages once downloaded cant be viewed on server by other devices doesnt support complex searches of emails on server
62
pop vs imap differences
IMAP: stores emails on server so can be viewed any time by multiple devices allows complex search to be carried out on emials can handle > 1 mailbox can set flags to indicate if message read or replied to
63
can u read emails offline on pop
yes
64
what does ethernet protocol specify
performance epected of network cables plugs and sockets format of data packets sent or received over network how to deal w/ data collision
65
interaction between protocols in layers
protocol in specific layer can only interact to protocols in layers directly adjacent to it
66
why we use layer model
can ensure hardware compatible with protocols can recognise what protocol does by looking at layer it is in can map how layers relate w/ each other division of layers allow: flexibility smaller manageable units
67
wat is a layer
set of protocols working together
68
what ram used 4??
A computer system uses primary storage to hold data and programs that are currently being used and processed.
69
how virt mem work
Virtual memory enables data that is in RAM and not currently being used to be transferred to the hard disk. This frees up room in RAM for other programs and data. When the data on the hard disk is needed again, any other unused data is transferred to the hard disk before the original data is transferred back to RAM.
70
Why data must be stored in binary format
computers can only process binary
71

comp sci (8 decks)

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