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comp sci flashycardys Flashcards

1
Q

purpose computer

A

The purpose of a computer is to take data, process it, then output it.

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2
Q

what does comp sys consist of

A

A computer system consists of hardware and software that work together to process data/complete tasks.

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3
Q

software is

A

Software is the programs or applications that a computer system
runs

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4
Q

hardware is

A

hardware are the physical components making up a computer

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5
Q

general purpose comp

A

designed to perform many tasks

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6
Q

dedicated sys

A

designed for one particular function

these are typically embedded systems

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7
Q

whats embedded sys

A

Embedded systems are computers built into other devices

usually dedicated systems

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8
Q

embd system often used as

A

Embedded systems are often used as control systems — they monitor and control machinery
in order to achieve a desired result.

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9
Q

pros embd sys

A

As they’re dedicated to a single task, embedded systems are usually easier to design,
cheaper to produce, and more efficient at doing their task than a general purpose computer.

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10
Q

power supply

A

Power supply — supplies power
to motherboard, optical and
hard drives, and other hardware.

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11
Q

case cooling fan

A

Case cooling fan — extracts
hot air from the computer case.

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12
Q

cpu heat sink and cooling fan

A

CPU heat sink and cooling fan —
keeps the CPU at a steady temperature
(CPUs generate a lot of heat).

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13
Q

cpu componenet

A

CPU (hidden under the
heat sink) — the most
important component.
Does all the processing

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14
Q

optical drive

A

Optical drive —
for read/writing of
optical discs

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15
Q

motherboard

A

Motherboard — The main circuit
board in the computer, where
the hardware is connected.

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16
Q

hard disk drive

A

Hard Disk Drive — Internal
secondary storage

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17
Q

cpu performance depend on

A

clock speed, number of cores and cache size

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18
Q

control unit job

A

The control unit is in overall control of the CPU. Its main job is to execute
program instructions by following the fetch-decode-execute cycle

also manages other components in processor

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19
Q

cu tasks

A

Ensures the execution of instructions in the correct sequence
Decodes every instruction that the processor will execute
Sends and receives control signals to and from other components
Checks that signals have been delivered successfully
Controls flow of data inside and outside CPU

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20
Q

what does cu also contain

A

The control unit also contains the clock. This is a tiny component that controls the rate at which instructions are executed in the processor

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21
Q

clock

A

The clock signal is used to synchronise the operations of the processor components.

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22
Q

what if clock fail

A

Then the operations of the processor components inside the processor would not be synchronised and it would not be able to process any data. The computer would not work.

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23
Q

alu job

A

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is the component of the CPU that carries out the following:

Arithmetic calculations
Logical operations: such as AND, OR, NOT
Comparisons between values, such as greater than, less than, equal to

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24
Q

what alu contain

A

accumulator

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25
Q

cache speeds comparison

A

faster than ram
slower than register

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26
Q

what cache store

A

It stores regularly used data so that the CPU can access it quickly the next time it’s needed.
When the CPU requests data, it checks the cache first to see if the data is there.
If not, it will fetch it from RAM.

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27
Q

cons cache

A

Caches have a very low capacity and are expensive compared to RAM and secondary storage.

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28
Q

levels of cahce

A

There are different levels of cache memory — L1, L2 and L3. L1 is quickest but has the lowest
capacity. L2 is slower than L1 but can hold more. L3 is slower than L2 but can hold more.

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29
Q

job of network interface card

A

an expansion card letting computer connect to a LAN
has a unique, unchangeable MAC address assigned to it which is used to deliver data packets to the computer
implements physical circuitry necessary so computer can communicate with ethernet or wifi

30
Q

job of transmission media

A

is the cabling used in a network

provides physical pathway for communication between devices. two types: wired and wireless

3 types of wired media: coaxial, fibre optic and twisted pair

wireless media transmit EM signals using radio waves/microwaves/infrared waves

31
Q

job of modem

A

converts data into sound so that network can connect to internet using phone lines

converts digital data into analogue sound and vice versa
can connect home network to internet using phone lines
can handle authentication

32
Q

gen purpose regs

A

General-purpose registers are used to store the results of the intermediate calculations that are part of larger computations.

33
Q

spec purpose reg

A

Dedicated or special-purpose registers are processor-based registers that are used for a specific purpose.

34
Q

what von neu arch consist of

A

The von Neumann architecture consists of

a Processor
a Memory unit that can communicate directly with the processor
connections for input and output devices
Secondary storage for saving/backing up data

35
Q

The processor can access the instructions and data in the main memory as required to execute the program.

to do this what does it use

A

It does this by using dedicated connections called buses:

an address bus is used to identify the addressed location
a data bus is used to transfer the contents to/from that location

A third bus, the control bus, is used to synchronise and control operations.

36
Q

is cache volatile

A

yes

37
Q

more cores mean

A

Generally speaking, the more cores a computer has, the more instructions it can execute. As a result, the computer will perform more efficiently than computers with the same type of processor but fewer cores.

38
Q

why dbl core not dbl clock speed

A

the cores have to communicate with each other and have to take their turn when accessing the cache and RAM

39
Q

what do most modern embd sys contain

A

Modern embedded systems usually contain a microcontroller, which consists of a central processing unit (CPU) to process data, as well as a fixed amount of RAM and ROM. All the components are on a single printed circuit board.

40
Q

what do emb sys use to control hardware

A

Embedded systems use software known as firmware to control the hardware

41
Q

where is firmware programmed

A

Firmware is usually programmed in the factory where the microcontroller is produced

42
Q

can u directly interact with firmware

A

no

43
Q

def bus

A

physical pathway shared by signals to and from components of computer system

44
Q

what is used to develop firmware

A

Assembly language is often used to develop firmware, as it provides direct control over specific hardware components.

45
Q

DRAM VS SRAM

A

SRAM faster n more expensive

46
Q

bios

A

enures all essential hardware communicate effectively
launches OS

47
Q

what to consider when comared sec strgae

A

capacity
speed - how quick data access
portability
durability - can it be dmged easily in use
rreliability - how long it last? error often occur?
cost

48
Q

common uses magnetc applications and capacity

A

ideal 4 fixed location desktop pc
used in larger network storage systems
ideal 4 larger document size
1-5TB

49
Q

avantagemagentic

A

high capacityfor low cost
fast data access

50
Q

disadvantage mag

A

disk eventually fail
easilydamaged, can cause corruption of data
large size
complex movinh parts increase power requirements
magnets can destroy it

51
Q

optical strogae application

A

portable system
CDlowest capcity
DVD medim capacity
Blu-Ray highest capacity

52
Q

advantage optical storage

A

cheap manufacture
portable
wide availble

53
Q

disvantges optical

A

disc damaged easily, degreade over time
limited capcity
compatibiltiy issues

54
Q

ssd appications

A

usb
phones/tablets
cameras
laptops
game consoles
high end desktop comps

55
Q

avantage ssd

A

use less pwr than mag hard drive
faster read write access than mag
small size
no moving parts

56
Q

disvantage ssd

A

expensive
wear out over time
capacity not very high

57
Q

good communications protocol includes

A

how to set up/end a connection
how to start/end message
how to deal w/ corrupted data
how to format data being sent

58
Q

tcp part of tcp/ip protocol does

A

prepares messages 4 transmission and reassembles any received messages

59
Q

how does tcp protocol do job

A

divide message into packets
add sequence number
add error correction info to packet
examine each packet for errors and fixes if possible
requests missing or corrupt packets to be resent
reassembles message back into crrect squence

60
Q

ip part of tcp/ip

A

responsible for providing desination address and source address to each packet
ignores packets w/ wrong adress on them

61
Q

disavantag pop

A

can handle only 1 mailbox
messages once downloaded cant be viewed on server by other devices
doesnt support complex searches of emails on server

62
Q

pop vs imap differences

A

IMAP:

stores emails on server so can be viewed any time by multiple devices
allows complex search to be carried out on emials
can handle > 1 mailbox
can set flags to indicate if message read or replied to

63
Q

can u read emails offline on pop

A

yes

64
Q

what does ethernet protocol specify

A

performance epected of network cables plugs and sockets
format of data packets sent or received over network
how to deal w/ data collision

65
Q

interaction between protocols in layers

A

protocol in specific layer can only interact to protocols in layers directly adjacent to it

66
Q

why we use layer model

A

can ensure hardware compatible with protocols
can recognise what protocol does by looking at layer it is in
can map how layers relate w/ each other
division of layers allow:
flexibility
smaller manageable units

67
Q

wat is a layer

A

set of protocols working together

68
Q

what ram used 4??

A

A computer system uses primary storage to hold data and programs that are currently being used and processed.

69
Q

how virt mem work

A

Virtual memory enables data that is in RAM and not currently being used to be transferred to the hard disk. This frees up room in RAM for other programs and data. When the data on the hard disk is needed again, any other unused data is transferred to the hard disk before the original data is transferred back to RAM.

70
Q

Why data must be stored in binary format

A

computers can only process binary

71
Q
A

comp sci (8 decks)

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