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SNC4M1 > Systems of the human body > Flashcards

Systems of the human body Flashcards

1
Q

What are the systems of the human body?

A

skeletal
muscular
circulatory
respiratory
nervous
digestive
urinary/excretory
reproductive
endocrine
lymphatic
integumentary

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2
Q

What is the pathway of an oxygen molecule after it enters through the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal cavity - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - primary bronchii/ bronchial trees - Bronchioles - Alveoli - Capillaries - Blood - Pulmonary Vein - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Aorta

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3
Q

What is a Erythrocyte?

A

Red Blood Cell (RBC) - responsible for the transportation of oxygen

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4
Q

What is a Thrombocyte?

A

Platelets - Responsible for blood clotting

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5
Q

What is a Leukocyte?

A

White blood cell (WBC) - Attack and destroy foreign invaders (Viruses ect)

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6
Q

What are the four major lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal - front
Parietal - middle
Occipital - back
temporal - side

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7
Q

What is a macro nutrient?

A

fat, protein, carbohydrates

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8
Q

What is a micro nutrient?

A

vitamins and minerals

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9
Q

Pathway of food from the oral cavity

A

Oral cavity - Esophagus - Stomach - Small intestine - large intestine - rectum - anal sphincter

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10
Q

How many bones does a human infant have?

A

300

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11
Q

How many bones does an adult human have?

A

206

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12
Q

Why are infant bones separate?

A

To assist in childbirth and growth

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13
Q

What happens to our bones as we age?

A

They fuse together

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14
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • Protection of vital organs
  • Allows attachment of muscles for movement
  • Structural framework
  • Production of red blood cells (RBC)
  • Storage of calcium
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15
Q

What are the 4 types of bones?

A

Long, short, flat, irregular

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16
Q

Where would the location of a long bone be?

A

Arms and legs

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17
Q

Where would the location of a short bone be?

A

Wrists and ankles

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18
Q

Where would the location of a flat bone be?

A

Pelvis and skull

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19
Q

Where would the location of a irregular bone be?

A

Spine

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20
Q

What would the function of a long bone be?

A

Movement and support

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21
Q

What would the function of a short bone be?

A

range of motion

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22
Q

What would the function of a flat bone be?

A

protection

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23
Q

What would the function of a irregular bone be?

A

protection

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24
Q

what are examples of long bones?

A

tibia, fibula, femur, ulna, radius, humerus,

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25
Q

what are examples of short bones?

A

metatarsals and metacarpals

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26
Q

what are examples of flat bones?

A

occipital, thoracic cage, and pelvis

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27
Q

what are examples of irregular bones?

A

vertebrae, coccyx, and sacrum

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28
Q

what are the two skeletons that the human body can be divided into?

A

axial and appendicular

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29
Q

what bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

skull, spine, and ribs

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30
Q

what bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

includes upper limbs - scapula, clavicle, arms - and lower limbs - pelvis, legs, and feet

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31
Q

where is the frontal bone?

A

front of head (forehead)

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32
Q

where is the parietal bone?

A

center of head

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33
Q

where is the sphenoid bone?

A

tempel

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34
Q

where is the temporal bone?

A

side of head (ears and back until occipital bone)

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35
Q

where is the nasal bone?

A

nose bridge

36
Q

where is the zygomatic bone?

A

cheek bones

37
Q

where is the maxilla?

A

beside the nose until cheek bones, and upper lip

38
Q

where is the mandible?

A

jaw bone

39
Q

where is the occipital bone?

A

back of head

40
Q

what is the hyoid bone?

A

supports the tongue and forms part of the larynx

41
Q

how many muscles are there in the human body?

A

600

42
Q

what percentage are the human muscles responsible for their body weight?

A

40%

43
Q

what are the three different types of muscles in the human body?

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

44
Q

where is the location of skeletal muscles?

A

attached to bones

45
Q

where is the location of smooth muscles?

A

internal organs

46
Q

where are the cardiac muscles located?

A

the heart

47
Q

what function are skeletal muscles?

A

move bones

48
Q

what is the function of smooth muscles?

A

internal movement

49
Q

what is the function of the cardiac muscles?

A

to pump blood

50
Q

what is special about the cardiac muscles?

A

it doesn’t fatigue

51
Q

what does human circulatory system include?

A

heart, blood vessels, and the blood

52
Q

what are the functions of the human circulatory system?

A
  • transport O2 and CO2
  • transport nutrients bracket (carbs/proteins) and waste
  • transport hormones to target tissues
  • fight infection
  • maintain body temp and pH
53
Q

what direction do arteries carry blood?

A

always away from the heart

54
Q

what direction do veins carry blood?

A

always back to the heart

55
Q

what are capillaries?

A

capillaries are the exchange vessels where materials and gases can diffuse to the tissues

56
Q

what are the three subsystems within the circulatory system?

A

systemic, pulmonary, and cardiac

57
Q

where does the systemic system supply blood to and from?

A

body tissues

58
Q

where does the pulmonary system supply blood to and from?

A

lungs

59
Q

where does the cardiac system supply blood to and from?

A

heart

60
Q

what carries oxygenated blood through the systemic system?

A

arteries

61
Q

what carries oxygenated blood through the pulmonary system?

A

veins

62
Q

what carries oxygenated blood through the cardiac system?

A

arteries

63
Q

what carries deoxygenated blood through the systemic system?

A

veins

64
Q

what carries deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary system?

A

arteries

65
Q

what carries deoxygenated blood through the cardiac system?

A

veins

66
Q

what is the systemic system?

A

it is the primary subsystem, it delivers oxygenated blood to the majority of the tissue in the body.

67
Q

where does blood flow from the heart?

A

aorta

68
Q

where does blood flow into after the aorta?

A

the arteries

69
Q

where does blood flow into after the aorta?

A

small arteries called arterioles

70
Q

where does blood flow after arterioles?

A

capillaries which allow for exchange of gases and nutrients

71
Q

where does the blood flow into after the capillaries and what kind of blood is it?

A

deoxygenated blood into venules which are miniature veins

72
Q

where does the deoxygenated blood flow into after venules?

A

into the veins

73
Q

where does deoxygenated blood flow into after the veins?

A

huge veins called vena cava (superior and inferior)

74
Q

what is the pathway of blood in regards to just the heart, veins, and arteries?

A

blood flows from the heart, through a major artery (aorta), then into arteries, then into miniature arteries (arterioles), then into the capillaries (allow for exchange of gases and nutrients), from capillaries, deoxygenated blood flows into miniature veins (venules), then into veins, and returns to the heart by huge veins (vena cava (superior and inferior))

75
Q

what are the three protective layers of the brain called?

A

the meninges which extend right down to the spinal cord

76
Q

what is meningitis?

A

inflammation of the meninges

77
Q

what is the main part of the brain called?

A

the cerebrum, divided into right and left hemispheres

78
Q

what is the outer surface of the cerebellum called?

A

the cerebral cortext

79
Q

why is the cerebral cortex folded or “wrinkly”?

A

allow for more matter in the same amount of space.
“maximize surface area, minimize volume”

80
Q

what is significant about the brain?

A

most complex and specialized organ of the body, there are also no pain receptors within the brain

81
Q

what is included in the forebrain?

A

frontal and parietal lobes

82
Q

what is the forebrain responsible for?

A

sight of the most complex processes inc memory, reasoning, emotions, judgement, personality traits, and language

83
Q

what is included in the midbrain?

A

temporal and occipital lobes

84
Q

what is the midbrain responsible for?

A

vision, eye reflexes, senses, many involuntary actions, and basic motor responses

85
Q

what is included in the hindbrain?

A

cerebellum and medulla

86
Q

where is the pons located?

A

behind the midbrain

87
Q

what is the hindbrain responsible for?

A

coordinating muscular movement, and most of the activity of the ANS (controlling the internal organs, including the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and endocrine systems)

SNC4M1 (2 decks)

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