Systems of the Body - Muscular, Endocrine, Circulatory, and Digestive Flashcards
What are the main purposes of the muscular system?
- Stabilize
- Maintain Posture
3.Produce movement - Move substances within the body
5.Produce heat
What are the four characteristics of muscle tissue?
excitability, contractility, elasticity, and extensibility
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Name the proteins that attach to each other to produce the start of muscle contraction.
myosin and actin
Myosin and actin are contained in the ______________
sarcomere - the smallest unit of the muscle
A bundle of sarcomeres is a ______________________
myofibril
A bundle of myofibrils is a ____________________
muscle fiber
A bundle of muscle fibers is a ______________________
fascicle
A bundle of fascicles is a _____________________
skeletal muscle
What form of energy powers muscle contract?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Describe what happens during a muscle contraction.
The nervous system sends an action potential to the motor unit; the motor unit triggers the myosin and actin to latch onto each other, which ripples all the way up from sarcomere to fascicle. If the stimulus is strong enough, it triggers more motor units, which contract more of the total muscle.
Which form of muscle contraction leads to movement?
Isotonic
Which form of muscle contraction causes no movement?
isometric
What’s the difference between an origin and an insertion of a muscle?
the origin doesn’t move; the insertion point does.
What’s is the agonist of a movement?
the muscle that does the work
What is the antagonist of a movement?
the muscle that opposes the agonist
What are synergists?
Muscles that help the agonist
Where are the hamstrings located?
posterior of the upper leg, opposite the quadriceps
Where are the pectoralis major located?
the chest
Where are the biceps and triceps located?
the upper arm
Where are the latissismus dorsi located?
the back
What are the deltoids?
The shoulder muscles
What is the gastronemius?
the calf muscle
What is the endocrine system?
the organs and glands that produce hormones and essential materials to regulate homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of internal conditions that keep the organism alive (things like body temperature, heartbeat, breathing, etc)
What is the type of gland that produces material on the outside/surface of the body?
exocrine glands (like sweat, saliva, and oil glands)