Systems for causes of, management of, and classifying disease, and operative vivas

Question 1

What are the two main components of the surgical sieve for causes of disease?

Answer 1

Congenital causes

Acquired causes

Question 2

What are the two types of congenital causes of disease?

Answer 2

structural causes
Metabolic causes (Inborn Errors of Metabolism/IEMS)

Question 3

List the ten types of acquired causes of disease

Answer 3

Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Vascular
Iatrogenic
Traumatic
Idiopathic
Structural (e.g. stones)
Degenerative

Question 4

How can inflammatory disease be organised into three subtypes?

Answer 4

Infective (acute or chronic)
non-infective
post-infective

Question 5

How may neoplastic diseases be organised into subtypes?

Answer 5

Benign
Malignant - primary
- secondary

Question 6

What do the components of the surgical sieve acronym “VITAMIN(D)S” stand for?

Answer 6

Vascular
Inflammatory
Traumatic
Autoimmune (nb this is part of inflammatory)
Metabolic
Idiopathic, Iatrogenic
Neoplastic
Drugs
Structural and degenerative

Question 7

Give a 5 point structure for answering a “How to manage…” FRACS question

Answer 7

1. Hx and exam
2. ABC/Resus/fluids and electrolytes
3. Investigate - bloods/imaging
4. Non-surgical options
5. Surgical options

Question 8

Give a structure for expanding on surgical options for a “how to manage” FRACS question

Answer 8

Surgical options

• Acute
• Elective
  
  • for symptoms
  • to prevent complications
  • to diagnose/prevent possible malignancy

Question 9

Give a three point system for describing the clinical manifestations of a disease

Answer 9

1. Asymptomatic
2. Mild forms of the disease
3. Severe forms of the disease

Question 10

Description of a lump: give 14 features

Answer 10

site
size
shape
surfaces/edges
consistency/fluctuance
colour
compressability/reducibility
mobility
pulsitility
temperature
transilluminability
tenderness
number
nodes

Question 11

Give the opening sentence for describing an operation

Answer 11

“in an appropriately investigated, consented, marked, and anaesthetised patient”

Question 12

List three preoperative considerations to mention, after the patient is anaesthetised.

Answer 12

1. Time out
2. Prophylaxis - Antibiotic and DVT
3. Positioning
4. Exposure
5. Skin prep

Question 13

List the six steps of every operation, starting with incision.

Answer 13

1. Incision
2. Exposure: retraction and mobilisation
3. Dissection and resection
4. Reconstruction/anastomosis
5. Drains and closure
6. Post op instruction, including DVT prophylaxis