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systems exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The functional variation of extinction is withholding maintaining reinforcers. t/f

A

true

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2
Q

A procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued and as a result, occurrences of that behavior decrease in the future is:
a.) Punishment
b.) Extinction
c.) Reinforcement
d.) Establishing operation

A

extinction

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3
Q

What is the probability of reinforcement when utilizing an extinction procedure?
a) O%
b) 15%
c) 50%
d) Variable

A

0%

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4
Q

What form of extinction is used when the reinforcer (or reinforcers) maintaining a behavior is withheld?
a. Procedural
b. Functional
c. Standard
d. Respondent

A

functional

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5
Q

What are the common misuses of the term extinction?
a. Confusing forgetting and extinction
b. Confusing response blocking and sensory
extinction
c. Confusing noncontingent reinforcement and extinction
d. All of these

A

d

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6
Q

Delivering a stimulus with known reinforcing properties to an individual on a fixed time or variable time schedule independently of responding is known as which procedure?
a. Extinction
b. Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR)
c. Differential Reinforcement
d. Punishment

A

NCR

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7
Q

What is the main effect of an extinction procedure?
a. Increase in behavior
b. No change in behavior
c. Behavior decreases and/or stops entirely
d. The effects are unknown

A

c

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8
Q

An immediate increase in frequency and/or amplitude of the response after the removal of the maintaining reinforcer is called
a. Extinction burst
b. Reinforcement
c. Noncontingent reinforcement
d. Punishment

A

a

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9
Q

The reappearance of a behavior after it has diminished to its pre-reinforced level and/or stopped entirely is called:
a) Extinction burst
b) Spontaneous recovery
c) Differential reinforcement
d) Procedural extinction

A

b

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10
Q

Continued responding during the extinction process is known as:
a. Resistance to extinction
b. Extinction burst
c. Reinforcement
d. Spontaneous recovery

A

a

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11
Q

Resistance to extinction is greater when carried out under:
a. Low motivation
b. High motivation
c. No motivation
d. None of these

A

b

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12
Q

What suggestions did the authors give for assuring the effectiveness of extinction?
Increasing the number of extinction trials
a. Withholding all reinforcers maintaining the problem behavior
b. Withholding reinforcement consistently
c. Using instruction
d. All of these

A

d

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13
Q

When is it not appropriate to utilize an extinction procedure?
a. When inappropriate behaviors are likely to be imitated by others
b. When behaviors are harmful to self or others
c. Both of these
d. None of these

A

c

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14
Q

What is Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

A

Reinforces occurrence of a desirable alternative to the problem behavior

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15
Q

what is DRI: Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior

A

reinforcing a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the problem behavior.

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16
Q

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

A

Deliver reinforcer whenever the problem behavior has not occurred for a specific time

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17
Q

two types of dro?

A

interval
momentary (specific moments of time)

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18
Q

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding

A

Positive reinforcer is delivered at the end of a specific interval if a target behavior has occurred at a criterion rate.

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19
Q

Differential reinforcement always includes what two principles of behavior?
a. Reinforcement and punishment
b. Reinforcement and stimulus control
c. Reinforcement and extinction
d. Positive and negative reinforcement

A

c

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20
Q

In DRA, a practitioner:
a. Reinforces a desirable alternative to the problem behavior
b. Places the problem behavior on extinction
c. May choose to reinforce a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior
d. All of these are correct

A

d

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21
Q

The behavior selected as an alternative behavior in a DRA:
a. Should already be in the learner’s repertoire.
b. Should require more effort than the problem behavior.
c. Should be emitted at a very low rate prior to intervention.
d. Should require extensive training for practitioners to learn how to reinforce it.

A

a

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22
Q

DRO interventions:
a. Provide reinforcement for a specific alternative behavior.
b. Provide reinforcement for slowly increasing occurrences of a behavior.
c. Provide reinforcement for incompatible behaviors.
d. Provide reinforcement for not responding.

A

d

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23
Q

A limitation of DRO is:
a. Other inappropriate behaviors may be reinforced accidentally.
b. One may accidentally punish all responding in the individual.
c. It often produces an extinction burst effect.
d. The effects have been shown to be slow and gradual.

A

a

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24
Q

A DRL intervention is useful when the practitioner wants to:
a. Get rid of a target behavior all together
b. Teach a new response to replace the
problem behavior
c. Decrease the overall rate of a problem behavior, but not get rid of it all together
d. Increase the overall rate of a target behavior

A

c

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25
Q

A procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued and as a result occurrens of that behavior descrease in the future:

A

extinction

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26
Q

What form of extinction is used when the reinforcer maintaining a behavior is withheld?

A

functional

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27
Q

What is the main effect of an extinction procedure?

A

ehavior decreases.stops entirely

28
Q

Differential reinforcement always includes what two principles of behavior?
a. Reinforcement and punishment
b. Reinforcement and stimulus control
c. Reinforcement and extinction
d. Positive and negative reinforcement

A

reinforcement and extinction

29
Q

In DRA, a practitioner:
a. Reinforces a desirable alternative to the problem behavior
b. Places the problem behavior on extinction
c. May choose to reinforce a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior
d. All of these are correct

A

a) reinforcers a desirable alternative to the problem behavior, places the problem behavior on extinction, may choose to reinforce a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior

30
Q

The behavior selected as an alternative behavior in a DRA:
a. Should already be in the learner’s repertoire.
b. Should require more effort than the problem behavior.
c. Should be emitted at a very low rate prior to intervention.
d. Should require extensive training for practitioners to learn how to reinforce it.

A

should already be in the lerners repertoire

31
Q

Behaviors selected for a high-p request sequence should:
a) Be a part of the learner’s current repertoire
b) Be new behavior(s) the learner has to acquire
c) Have a very long duration of occurrence
d) Be those behaviors with which the learner is not compliant

A

b

32
Q

Functional communication training:
a) Develops alternative behaviors that are sensitive to abolishing operations
b) Develops alternative behaviors that create changes in motivating operations
c) Develops alternative behaviors that are sensitive to motivating operations
d) Develops alternative behaviors that produce punishing effects

A

c

33
Q

Noncontingent reinforcement may effectively decrease problem behavior because:
a) Reinforcers that maintain the problem behavior are available freely and frequently.
b) Reinforcers that maintain the problem behavior are withheld and made contingent upon the occurrence of alternative behaviors.
c) Reinforcers that maintain the problem behavior are presented only when the problem behavior occurs.
d) Reinforcers do not maintain the problem behavior presented regardless of the behaviors.

A

a

34
Q

To effectively implement a high-p request sequence, it is important to:
a) Select behaviors not in the learner’s current behavior repertoire
b) Not acknowledge compliance
c) Use reinforcers with limited reinforcing value
d) Present requests in a rapid sequence

A
35
Q

A contingency contract should include which of the following:
a) A description of the task
b) A description of when the task should be performed
c) A description of the reward and reward delivery
d) A method of tracking progress
e) All of the above

A

d

36
Q

The primary reason one might consider using a level system with a token system is that:
a) Doing so can foster self-management
b) Doing so makes it easier to withdraw the token economy
c) Level systems are more preferred for all learners
d) Level systems are easier to manage

A

a

37
Q

Token economies often need to be:
a) Complex
b) Individualized
c) Maintained forever
d) All of these

A

b

38
Q

The personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior is:
a) Self-management
b) Managing behaviors
c)Behavior management d)Behavior modification

A

a

39
Q

Self-management can help individuals to:
a) Break bad habits and replace with good ones
b)Accomplish difficult tasks
c)Achieve personal goals
d) All of these

A

d

40
Q

Suggested guidelines for effective and efficient self- monitoring include:
a) Make materials cumbersome and sophisticated
b) Never provide supplementary cues or prompts; this will make the individual become dependent on the prompts or cues rather than the target behavior
c) Self-monitor the most important dimension of the target behavior
d) Do not reinforce accurate self-monitoring

A

c

41
Q

Group. Contingencies can
a)Lighten the workload for the practitioner
b)Save time
c)Create problems with learners
d) all the above

A

d

42
Q

in meier as an antecedent intervention, the high-p sequence was easy to implement?

A

true

43
Q

aba use labels to identify high-p requests including

A

interspersed requests
pre-task requests

44
Q

interdependent

A

all for one and one for all

45
Q

dependent

A

one for all (hero procedure)

46
Q

independent

A

to each his/her own

47
Q

Procedural forms of extinction involve _______ the problem behavior.

A

ignoring

48
Q

Functional forms of extinction involve ________the maintaining reinforcers.

A

withholding

49
Q

reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior that serves the sam function

A

dra

50
Q

reinforce gradually decreasing rates of behavior

A

drl

51
Q

reinforcing an incompatible alternative behavior that serves the same function

A

dri

52
Q

reinforces gradually increasing rates of behavior

A

drh

53
Q

reinforces the absence of the target behavior

A

dro

54
Q

Reinforcing one response class
Withholding reinforcement for another response class

A

differential reinforcement

55
Q

to improve the effectiveness of DRA and DRI, THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST SHOULD MAKE SURE THAT THE SKILLS needed to do the desired behaviors are in the learner’s_______

A

repertoire

56
Q

to effectively implement a high p request sequence it is important to

A

present requests in a rapid sequence

57
Q

fct develops ____ that are sensitive to MOs

A

alternative behaviors

58
Q

As a reminder, discriminative stimuli evoke behavior because they have been correlated with increased availability of
______whereas, the evocative function of MOs are independent of the______ of reinforcement.

A

reinforcement
availability

59
Q

The term _____ refers to the temporal relation of stimuli or events coming before an occurrence of behavior.

A

antecedent

60
Q

When known reinforcers are delivered on a time based schedule of reinforcement - regardless of the learner’s behavior - we are using an antecedent intervention known as ____
.

A

NCR

61
Q

A non-contingently reinforced enriched environment may function as an abolishing operation; in other words, it reduces the _____to engage in the problem behavior.

A

motivation

62
Q

An antecedent intervention in which two to five tasks with a known history of learner compliance are presented in quick succession immediately before requesting the target task with a known history of non-compliance is known as the _____

A

High-p sequence

63
Q

____is an antecedent intervention package for establishing an appropriate communicative behavior to compete with problem behaviors evoked by an establishing operation (EO).

A

FCT

64
Q

Meier et al. utilized the _____
as an alternative intervention for the often ethically questionable escape extinction procedures to increase food acceptance.

A

high p sequence

65
Q

The _____ is an interdependent group contingency because delivery of the reinforcer is contingent upon the actions of the individual and the group.

A

good behavior game

66
Q

The _____ procedure is an example of a dependent group contingency because the actions of one individual can earn rewards for the entire group.

A

hero

67
Q

A procedure in which a common consequence is applied to a group contingent on the whole or parts of the group is a called a _______
.

A

group contingency

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