Systems and Documents Flashcards by Molly Schumacher

What type of engine does the aircraft have?

Lycoming O-320

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What kind of OIL does the aircraft take?

Cross country 20W50

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What kind of FUEL does the aircraft take?

100LL (low lead- blue)

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How many cylinders does the engine have?

4 cylinders

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How many spark plugs does the engine have?

8 spark plugs

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How much horsepower does the engine have?

160 horsepower

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What is the MAX RPM for this aircraft?

2700 RPM

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What is the MIN/MAX oil quantity can the aircraft yield? What is the recommended amount ?

Min: 2qts
Max: 8 qts
Rec: 6-8qts

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Is the aircraft engine liquid-cooled or air-cooled?

Air cooled

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What documents do you need as a person to fly?

Pilot certificate, medical, government ID (logbook in certain circumstances)

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Do you need your logbook with you?

As a student pilot conducting a solo flight requires logbook endorsements

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What are the limitations of a STUDENT PILOT?

No passengers, no hire, no business, cannot fly with surface visibility less than 3sm (day) and 5sm (night)

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What are the privileges of a PRIVATE PILOT

Act as PIC, carry passengers (5 max), fly for charity/non profit, fly as a aircraft salesman, tow a glider

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What are the limitations for a PRIVATE PILOT?

Cannot fly for hire, cannot pay less than pro rata share

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What inspections does the plane need? (AAVIATES)

AD’s, Annual (12m), 100 hr, VOR (every 30 days if for hire), Alimeter (24m), Transponder (24m), ELT (12m or half life or 1hr of consecutive use), Static system (24m)

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What is the difference between current and proficient

Current means that you are legally qualified to fly (up to date certificates) Proficient means that you have recent experience and training to be comfortable and knowledgeable to operate an aircraft

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What are they requirements to carry passengers

3 takeoffs/landings within the proceeding 90 days

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What are Airmets, Sigmets, and Convective sigmets?

Airmet (airmen’s meteorological information)
Mountain obscuration and IVF conditions (Sierra)
Moderate turbulance and winds greater than 30th (Tango)
Moderate Icing (Zulu)
Valid for 6hrs

Sigmet (significant weather information)
Severe turbulence NOT associated with thunderstorms
Widespread dust storms and volcanic ash
Severe Icing
Valid for 4 hours

Convective Sigmet
Issued for thunderstorm (convective) activity
Winds greater than 50kts
Hail greater than 3/4 in

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Explain the brake system in our plane today:

Two forms of breaks, pedals attached to the rudder and a hand lever.
We have a Cleveland single disc hydraulic break system

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Explain the fuel system: (draw it out) tanks, fuel pump, primer, carburetor

One fuel tank per wing w/ 25 gal capacity (only 24 gals are usable) so in total we have 48gal of usable fuel. Using 100LL. Two fuel pumps, engine is primary, electric is backup. Primer sends fuel straight to cylinders.
Float type Carburetor, connected to 3 of the 4 cylinders, venturi tube is a narrow throat, a low pressure area so the fuel/air mixture can move faster

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Explain the flap system:

3 levels: 10° 20° 40°, flaps increase the lift/drag ratio

What plane are we flying: explain the engine:

PA28161 Piper Warrior: it uses a Lycoming O-320, meaning horizontally opposed 320 cubic inches and direct drive
A 4 cylinder engine, 8 spark plugs
160 horsepower, 2700 Max RPM, air cooled, 20W50cross country oil

Explain the propeller, include the nose:

A fixed pitch prop, 72-74 inches in diameter
Nose- Cleveland 5 x.5

Explain the landing gear:

Fixed gear PA 28-161, Cleveland 6 x .6 wheel
Single disc hydraulic breaks
Master cylinder is behind the instrument panel
Break fluid: reservoirs left side of the firewall

What are the primary flight controls

Aileron Stabilator Rudder

What are the secondary flight controls

Trim, and flaps

When can carb icing form?

the range is 20degrees to 70degrees when relative humidity is above 80%

What happens if icing occurs?

Engine roughness and a loss in RPM Without treatment it can result in engine failure

Explain the electrical system:

14 Volt 60 amp alternator 12 volt battery The alternator charges the battery (that is why the alternator has a higher voltage) Volt regulator (regulates the 12 volts) Master switch relay - battery powers lights electric fuel pump, starter, radio, coms Magnetos are self-driven Circuit breakers Amp meter

If the electrical system (alternator) fails:

AVO lights would turn on Amp would go to zero Circuit breaker would pop Contact ATC about failure if able (7700) Proceed to nearest airport Turn off any unused electricity Battery would last 10-30mins

Explain the vacuum system:

Gyro instruments: heading indicator, attitude indicator Vacuum pump creates suction to spin gyros Vacuum regulator Vacuum gauge

What do you do if the vacuum system is lost

Use magnetic compass or GPS for direction Use vertical speed and turn indicator

Explain what instruments are apart of the pitot static system:

Airspeed, altimeter, vertical speed indicator

Where is the pitot static system located?

Below the right wing

Explain the purpose of the static port:

Gives us the airspeed

Explain how the airspeed indicator works:

A line of pitot tube goes into diaphragm from static port, goes into case, difference in pressure between diaphragm and case indicates how fast we are flying

Explain how the altimeter works:

One line from static port goes into casing, inside of case is wafers, they are stacked and expand or contract to determine our altitude

Explain the vertical speed indicator:

2 lines from static port, 1 line goes into case, 1 line goes into diaphragm. The line in the case has a calibrated leak. A delay in pressure indicates a climb or descent

What happens if the pitot static system fails:

Airspeed would be lost, it is the only instrument directly connected to the pitot tube If port is blocked, there is an alternate static port, which is under the yolk

Explain the heating and ventilation system:

Heating is for cabin and defrost Provided by a shroud attached to the muffler Two vents on the lower portion of seats, and two vents overhead

What is a AD? How many types are there?

An Airworthiness Directive, issued by the FAA if there is a known issue. 3 types: Once, reoccurring, emergency

Can you fly over a 100hr inspection?

Yes, only with a special permit. If given, 10 hrs of. Leeway and must be enroute to home airport for inspection

Are 100hr inspections and annual inspections transferable?

An annual inspection CAN substitute a 100hr, but a 100hr CANNOT substitute an annual

Do you need to have an ELT in the airplane today?

It is not needed for training within 50nm of the home airport

What equipment and instruments do you need to have in the airplane to fly (day) ? ATOMATOFLAMES

Altimeter Tachometer Oil temp gauge Magnetic compass Airspeed indicator Temperature gauge Oil pressure Fuel quantity Landing gear Anti collision lights Manifold pressure ELT Seatbelts

What additional equipment do you need to fly at night? FLAPS

Fuses - 3 of each kind / 1 set Landing lights- if for hire Anti collision lights Position light (red green white) Source of electricity

What if the landing light were inoperative?

Cannot fly at night per the FARs If during the day, would need to deactivate or remove the component

In general, can you fly with inoperative equipment?

Yes, if it is not included in the 91.205 and has been deactivated and declared inoperative. Following the MEL

What is an MEL?

Min Equipment List, a list of equipment that can be inoperative during a flight

Does our plane have an MEL?

No | we adhere to the regulations in 91.205 and 91.213(d)

Can the MEL change?

Yes, if the owner writes a letter and creates a new list based off the master MEL and proposes it to the FAA for approval

What are the documents needed on the airplane? SPARROW

Supplements Placard Airworthiness Certification Radio license Registration (fed and state) Operation Manual (POH) Weight and Balance (empty)