Systems Flashcards
1
Q
normal flora skin
A
s. epidermis
2
Q
normal flora nose
A
s. epidermis/ s. aureus colonizes
3
Q
normal flora oropharynx
A
viridans group strep
4
Q
normal flora detnal plaque
A
s. mutans
5
Q
normal flora colon
A
B. fragilis > e. coli
6
Q
NF vagina
A
lactobacillus, e. coli and GBS
7
Q
FP from reheated rice
A
B. cereus
8
Q
FP from improperly canned foods
A
C. botulinum
9
Q
FP from reheated meat dishes
A
C. perfringens
10
Q
FP from undercooked meat
A
E. coli O157:H7
11
Q
FP from poultry, meat, eggs
A
salmonella
12
Q
FP from meats, mayo, custard (preformed toxin)
A
S. aureus
13
Q
FP from seafood
A
V. paraheamolyticus and vulnificus
14
Q
Bloody Diar. comma-shaped org grows at 42
A
camyplobacter
15
Q
Blood Diar. protozoan, amebic dysentery, liver abscess
A
E. histolytica
16
Q
Blood Diar. O157:H7; can cause HUS, makes shiga-like toxin
A
ETEC
17
Q
Bloood Diar. invades colonic mucosa
A
EIEC
18
Q
Bloody Diar. flagellar motility, normal animal reservoir, poultry, eggs
A
Salmonella
19
Q
Bloody Diar. with very low ID, produces shiga toxin
A
Shigella
20
Q
Bloody Diar. with pseudoappendicitis in day-care outbreaks
A
Y. enterolitica
21
Q
Water Diar. pseudomembranous Colitis, caused by Abs
A
c. diff
22
Q
Watery Diar. that can cause gas gangrene
A
C. perfringens
23
Q
Watery Travelers Diarrhea, with heat-labile and heat-stable toxins
A
ETEC
24
Q
Watery diar. caused by protozoa
A
giardia, cryptosporidium (immunocomp)
25
watery diar. comma shaped org; rice-water diarrhea; often from seafood
V. cholera
26
Watery Diar. viruses
rotavirus (kids), norwalk virus
27
PNA in neonates
GBS, E. coli
28
PNA in children
RSV, mycoplasma, c. trachomatis, c. pneumoniae, s. pneumo
29
PNA in adults (18-40)
mycoplasma, c. pneumo, s. pneumo
30
PNA adults (40-65)
s. pneumo, h. flu, anaerobes, viruses
31
PNA in alcoholics, IV drugs
s. pneumo, klebs, staph
32
PNA in aspiration
anaerobes
33
Atypical PNA
mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
34
PNA in CF
pseudomonas, s. aureus, s. pneumo
35
PNA in immunocompromised
staph, enteric gram neg, fungi, viruses, p. jirovecii if HIV
36
nocosomial PNA
staph, pseudomonas,
37
post-viral PNA
stpah, h. flu, s. pneumo
38
meningitis in newborn
GBS, e. coli, listeria
39
meningitis in kids
s. pneumo, n. meningitidis, h. flu, enterovirus
40
meningitis in adults
s. pneumo, n. meningitidis (#1 teens), enterovirus, HSV
41
HSV1 vs HSV2 in neuro infxn
HSV2 = meningitis, HSV1 = encephalitis
42
meningitis in HIV
cryptococcus, CMV, toxo if brain abscess
43
most common osteomyelitis
s. aureus
44
osteomyelitis in sexually active
n. gonorrhea
45
osteomyelitis in diabetics and IV drugs
pseudomonas
46
osteomyelitis in sickle cell
salmonella
47
osteomyelitis in vertebra
TB (potts)
48
#1 cause UTI
E. coli. metallic greeen on EMB agar
49
#2 cause UTI in sexual women
staph saprophyticus
50
#3 UTI (mucoid capsule)
klebs pneumo
51
UTI assoc with struvite stones
ptoreus mirabilis
52
UTI with fruity odor and blue-green pigment
pseudomonas
53
+ nitrite test UTI
gram neg
54
no inflam, white d/c w/ fishy odor, clue cells, ph > 4.5
bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella vaginosis)
55
inflam, frothy green, foul-smelling d/c, ph >4.5, motile trichomonads
trichomoniasis
56
inflam, white "cottage-cheese" d/c, normal ph, pseudohyphae
candida vulvovaginitis
57
```
ToRCHeS infxns (mother to fetus)
usually lymphadenopathy in mom
```
Toxoplasma gondii - intracranial calcifications w/ chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus
Rubella - blueberry muffin rash w/ cataracts and PDA
CMV - blueberry muffin rash w/ hearing loss and seizures
HIV
Herpes Simplex 2 - encephalitis or vesicular lesions
Syphilis - stillbirth or notched teeth/ saddle nose/ saber shins
58
Fifth Disease
Parvovirus B19 - hydrops fetalis
59
childhood vesicular rash on palms and soles with vesicles and ulcers in oral mucosa
coxsackie A (Hand-food-mouth)
60
infantile macular rash over body appears after high fever
HHV-6 (roseola)
61
childhood rash starts at head and moves down, preceded by cough, koplik spots on buccal mucosa
measles
62
childhood slapped cheek rash on face (hydrops in pregnant women)
parvovirus B19 (Erythema infectiosum)
63
childhood rash begins at head and moves down --> fine truncal rash. postauricular lymphadenopathy
rubella virus
64
childhood sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat
strep pyogenes (scarlet fever)
65
childhood vesicular rash that begins on trunk and spreads to face with lesions of different ages
VZV (chickenpox)
66
painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy
haemophilus ducreyi ( chancroid)
67
urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, reactive arthritis, PID
chlamydia trachomatis (D-K) - most common bacterial STD in US
68
genital warts, koilocytes
HPV 6&11 (condylomata lata)
69
painful vesicle and ulcer
HSV2
70
urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent d/c
neisseria gonorrhea
71
jaundice STD
hep b
72
infxn of lymphatics, painless genital ulcer, panful lymphadenopathy (buboes)
c. tracomatis (L1-3)
73
painless chancre
1 syphilis
74
fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, condylomata lata
2 syphilis
75
gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, argyll robertson pupil
3 syphilis
76
vaginitis, strawberry cervix, motil in wet prep
trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis)
77
cervical motion tenderness + purulent cervical d/c
PID: chalmycida if subacute, gonorrhea if acute. can lead to infxn of liver, ectopic preg if salpingitis, infertility.
78
unimmunized child w/ rash
begin at head w/ postauricular lymphadenopathy = rubella
| begin at head preceded by cough and koplik spots = measles
79
unimmunized child with meningitis
h. flu & polio
80
unimmunized child with epiglottitis
h. flu
81
unimmuunized child with pharyngitis
diptheria
82
asplenic (surgical or chronic sickle cell)
encapsulated! SHiN
| S. pneumo >> H.influ > N. meningitides
83
branching rods in oral infxn, sulfur granules
acinomyces israelii
84
CGD
catalase positive, esp s. aureus
85
currant jelly sputum
klebs
86
dog or cat bite
pasteurella multocida
87
facial nerve palsy
borriela burgdorferi
88
fungal infxn in diabetic or immunocomp
mucor or rhizopus
89
health care provider needle stick
HBV
90
neutropenic pt
candida if systemic, aspergillus
91
organ transplant pt
CMV
92
PAS +
tropheryma whippeli (Whipple disease)
93
peds infxn
h. flu
94
pneumonia in CF, burn infxn
pseudomonas
95
pus, empyema, abscess
s. aureus
96
rash on hands and feet
coxsackie A, t. pallidum, rickettsia ricketsii
97
sepsis/meningitis in newborn
GBS
98
surgical wound
s. aureus
99
traumatic open wound
c. perfringens
100
G(+) cocci, catalase (+), coagulase (+)
s. aureus
101
G+ cocci, catalase (+), coagulse (-), novobiocin sensitive
s. epidermis
102
G+ cocci, catalase(+), coagulase (-), novobiocin resistant
s. saprophyticus
103
G+ cocci, catalase(-), a hemolysis, optochin sensitive, bile soluble
s. pneumoniae
104
G+ cocci, catalase(-), a hemolysis, optochin resistant, bile insoluble
viridans strep
105
G+ cocci, catalase (-), B hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive
Group A strep pyogenes
106
G+ cocci, catalase (-), B hemolysis, bacitracin resistant
GBS
107
G+ cocci, catalase (-), gamma (none) hemolysis, grows in bile and 6% NaCl
Group D strep (enterococcus)
108
G+ bacilli (rod) w/ blue and red granules
cornyebacterium diptheriae
109
G+ rod, anaerobic, spore forming
clostridium
110
G+ rod, aerobic, spore forming
bacillus
111
G+ rod, facultative intracellular, produces LPS (only G+ to do so)
listeria
112
G+ branching filament, anaerobic
actinomyces
113
G+ branching filament, aerobic, slightly acid fast
nocardia
114
parasites that don't gram stain well
Treponema (too thin)
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia (intracellular)
115
silver stain used for
legionella, fungi, h. pylori
116
india ink stain
cyrptococcus neoformans
117
obligate aerobes
nocardia, pseudomonas, TB, bacillus
118
obligate anaerobes
clostridium, bacteroides, actinomyces (lack catalase)
119
exotoxins that inhibit protein synthesis
diptheria & pseudomonas (exotoxin A) inactivate EF-2
| Shigella & EHEC inactivate 60s ribosome -> bloody diarrhea and HUS
120
exotoxins that increase fluid secretion
ETEC (LT via cAMP, ST via cGMP --> watery diarrhea), bacillus anthracis, cholera (rice water diarrhea)
121
toxin that inhibits phagocytic ability
pertussis (whooping cough)
122
toxin that inhibits release of NT
tetanus (prevents GABA release); botulinum (prevents Ach release)
123
toxins that lyse cell membranes
```
c. perfringens (alpha toxin) --> gas gangrene
strep pyogenes (streptolysin O) --> B hemolysis of RBCs, rheumatic fever diagnosis
```
124
superantigens causing shock
TSST1 of staph aureus & exotoxin A of strep pyogenes: overwhelming release of IFN & IL-2 = shock
125
G- diplococci, maltose fermenter
N. meningitidis
126
G- diplococci, maltose NONfermenter
n. gonorrhoeae
127
G- coccoid rods
H. flu (requires Factors V & X on chocolate agar)
128
G- comma shaped, oxidase (+), grows in 42degC
campylobacter jejuni
129
G- comma shaped, oxidase (+), grows in alkaline media
vibrio cholerae
130
G- comma shaped, oxidase (+), produces urease
H. pylori
131
G- rod, fast lactose fermenters
Klebsiella, E. coli, enterobacter
132
G- rod, lactose NONfermenter, oxidase (-)
Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia
133
G- rod, lactose NONfermenter, oxidase (+)
pseudomonas
134
mississippi and ohio river valleys, within macrophages, causes pneumonia
histoplasmosis
135
east of mississippi and central america, granulomatous nodules, broad-based budding
blastomycosis
136
southwestern US, spherules filled with endospores in lungs
coccidiomycosis
137
latin america multiply-budding yeast
paracoccidiomycosis
138
opportunistic, thrush, germ tubes at 37C
candida albicans
139
opportunistic, acute angle in lungs
aspergillus fumigatus
140
opportunistic meningitis in AIDS, pigeon droppings, encapsulated yeast
cryptococcus neoformans
141
opportunistic in ketoacidotic diabetics
mucor
142
opportunistic diffuse, interstitial pneumonia in AIDS. methanamine silver
pneumocystis jirovecii
143
opportunistic cigar-shaped budding yeast lives on vegetatioin that must be introduced traumaticaly --> local pustule with draining lymph node involvement
sporothrix schenckii
144
sever diarrhea in AIDS
cryptosporidium
145
bloody diarrhea, liver abscess with anchovy paste exudate, RUQ pain
entameoba histolytica
146
fatty diarrhea (foul-smelling)
giardia lamblia
147
brain abscess in HIV or congenital chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications
t. gondii (cysts in pork or cat feces)
148
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis following swimming in freshwater lakes
naegleria fowleri
149
african sleeping sickness
trypanosoma brucei (tse tse fly)
150
parasite causing biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma
clonorchis sinesis
151
parasite causing brain cysts, seizures
taenia solium (cysticercosis)
152
parasite causing hematuria, bladder cancer
schistosoma haematobium
153
parasite causing liver cysts
echinocococus granulosus
154
parasite causing microcytic anemia
ancylostoma, necator
155
parasite causing perianal pruritis
enterobius
156
parasite causing portal HTN
schistosomosa mansoni
157
parasite causing vit B12 def.
diphyllobothrium latum
158
only ss DNA virus
parvovirus
159
only enveloped DNA viruses
poxvirus (rep in cyto), herpesvirus (nuclear envelope), hepadnavirus
