Micro Buzzwords USMLE Flashcards
1
Q
Lactose formers
A
“CEEK” Citrobacter Enterobacter E.Coli (K1 capsule most important) Klebsiella
2
Q
Non lactose formers
A
“SHYPS” Shigella Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) Proteus Salmonella
3
Q
May lack color
A
“These rascals may microscopically lack color”: Treponema Ricksetta Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia
4
Q
cAMP
A
“CAPE” Cholera Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule) Pertusis (via Gi) E.coli (LT enterotoxin)
5
Q
Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]
A
“Some killers have pretty nice capsules” Strep. Pneumoniae Klebsiella HiB Pseudamona Aeroginosa Neisseria meningitis Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)
6
Q
Dimorphic Fungi
A
“Can Also Have Both Shapes” Cocciodes Aspergillus Histolpasma Blastomyces Sprothrix schenkii
7
Q
Have b Prophage
A
“OBED” O = Salmonella B = Botulinum E = Erythrogenic strep D = Diptheria
8
Q
Spore Forming Bacteria
A
Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
9
Q
IgA Proteases
A
Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae
10
Q
Widal Test
A
Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags
11
Q
Wayson’s Stain
A
Yersinia
12
Q
Pneumonic Plaque Transmission
A
Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
13
Q
Splenectomy
A
Predisposes to septicemia
14
Q
Invasins
A
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
15
Q
Fusiform
A
Vincent’s trench mouth
16
Q
S. viridans
A
Dextran mediated adherence
17
Q
Obligate Aerobes
A
Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
18
Q
Obligate Anaerobes
A
Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides
19
Q
Staph aureus
A
A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +
20
Q
Spirochetes
A
Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
21
Q
Non Motile Gram (+) Rods
A
Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
22
Q
Acid Fast Organisms
A
Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora
23
Q
Pigment Producing Bacteria
A
Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis) Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme) E. coli – irredescent green sheen
24
Q
Bacterial Morphology
A
Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod) Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain
25
Inclusion Bodies
Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear
26
Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni
Intestinal – contact w/ bad water
27
Schistosoma Haematolium
Vesicular – contact w/ bad water
28
Non Human Schistosom
Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water
29
Clonorchichis
Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
30
Fasciola Hepatica
Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
31
Fasciola Biski
Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
32
Paragonimus Westermani
Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
33
Oxidase (+)
Neiserria and most Gram (-)s
34
Micro Aerophilic
Camphylobacter & Helicobacter
35
Urease (+)
All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine Ureaplasma Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter) Cryptococcus Nocardia
36
Coagulase (+)
Staph A & Yersenia pestis
37
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)
38
Protozoa
Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
39
Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites
Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)
40
Haemophilus Factors
X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
41
All cocci are
Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
42
“Eaton Fried Eggs”
Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
43
Mycoplasma
No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria. P1 protein inhs ciliary action Fried egg colonies Atypical pneumonia – young adults
44
Sabrands
Fungal media
45
Malassazia furfur
Spaghetti & meat ball
46
Measles’ 3C’s
Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
47
Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium
B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens
48
Bloody diarrhea agents
EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni
49
YW-135CA
N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains
50
Indian Ink
Cryptococcus neoformans
51
Naegleria causes
Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming
52
Need Cysyeine for growth
“Ella likes cysteine”: Francisella Brucella Legionella Pasturella
53
Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)
Gram (-): N. meningitidis
54
Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/
Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion
55
Endospores G(+)
Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
56
Multi Brain Abscess
Nocardia
57
Single Brain Abscess
Actinomyces israelli
58
risk for Strep pneum Infection
Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
59
a Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive
Strep. Pneumoniae
60
a Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant
Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
61
Staph. Saprophyticus
Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
62
Staph. Epidermidis
Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
63
b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever)) Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
64
b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant
Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
65
EFII Ribosylation
Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
66
Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins
Protective Antigen (PA) Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages Edema Factor = Increases cAMP
67
Woolsorter’s Disease
Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin
68
Grows in Rice
Bacillus Cereus
69
Clostridium Perfringens
Double Zone b Hemolysis (test) Lecithinase: a toxin = lyses RBCs 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases
70
Clostridium Difficile
2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B) Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)
71
Spastic Paralysis toxin
Clostridium Tetani toxin
72
Clostridium Botulinum
Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
73
Infant Botulinum
Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey
74
Thayer Martin Agar
Neisseria ID
75
DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
Ceftriazone
76
K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag
Related w/ neonateal meningitis
77
The A’s of Klebsiella
Alcoholics Aspiration pneumonia Abscesses in the lungs
78
Rice H2O Diarrhea
Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
79
Raw seafood intoxicaiton
Vibrio parahemolyticus
80
Helicobacter Txt
Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)
81
risk of P. aeroginosa infection
Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis
82
Contact lens’ infection
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
83
Cat Bites
Pasteurella multocida
84
Undulant Fever
Brucella
85
Bordet Gengou Agar
Bordetella pertusis ID
86
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
M. tuberculosis ID
87
Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae. Leion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma. Toxoplasmosis
88
Pink Eye
Adenovirus (type 8)
89
True Hemaphrodite
Testes & Ovaries are present
90
Pseudo Hemaphrodite
External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
91
Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite
Testicular Feminization
92
HLA Genes Location
6p
93
Parvovirus B19
Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
94
Interferon MOA
Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
95
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
96
Parainfluenza Causes…
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
97
Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
98
RSV
Bronchiolitis in infants
99
Removed tonsils, find what virus
In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur
100
Bone Fever
Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
101
HbsAg
Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness
102
HbeAg
Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease Disappears before HbsAg is gone
103
Anti-Hbc
Present in beginning of clinical illness Seen in the “window phase”
104
Filamentous Bacteria
Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces
105
Listeria contaminates
Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections
106
Shiga like Toxin
E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
107
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Group A Streptococci
108
Relapsing Fever
Borrelia recurrentis
109
Loffler’s Medium
Corneybacterium diphtheriae
110
Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle
Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions Cell wall lacks muramic acid
111
Trench Fever
Rochalimaea quintana
112
“Spotted Fever” Members
Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)
113
Thrush Txt
Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth
114
Rose Bush Thorns
Have Sporothrix schenckii
115
Contact lens solution infection
Acanthamoeba
116
Filiariasis Causant
Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis
117
Freshwater lake infection
Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
118
Reduviid bug bite
Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign
119
Schistosoma Haematobium causes
Bladder calcificaiton & cancer
120
Schistosoma Mansoni causes
Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices
121
Snail, intermediate host of…
Schistosomiasis
122
Ixodes scapularis transmits
Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi
123
Nantucket Protozoa
Babesia microt
124
Infection by Reduviid Bug
Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease
125
Infection by TseTse Fly
Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness
126
Infection by Sandfly
Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana
127
Infection by Ixodes Tick
Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease
128
Infection by Anopheles Mosquito
Malaria
129
Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance
Giardia lamblia
130
Nonseptate Hyphae
Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.
131
Histoplasmosis Geography
Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys
132
Coocidioidomycosis Geography
Southwestern deserts, California
133
Blastomycosis Geography
States east of Mississippi River
134
Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography
Latin America
135
Roseola Infection, aka
Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)
136
Herpangina
“Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)
137
Orthomyxovirus
–ssRNA, enveloped virus. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation Influenza A & B
138
Paramyxovirus
–RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids Mumps Croup(Parainfluenza virus) Rubeola(Measles virus) RSV
139
Togavirus
+ssRNA, enveloped 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis
140
Flaviviris
Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit Yellow fever St. Louis Encephalitis – no hepatitis or hemorrhage
141
Bunyavirus
–ssRNA, enveloped California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome
142
IgA Protease Activity
H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth) Strep. Pneumoniae N. meningitidis N. gonnorhoae W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.
143
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
Adenopathy b Prophage encodes the exotoxin Corneybacteria is Club shaped Diphtheria Elongation Factor II Granules (metachromatic)
144
Only ssDNA
Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”
145
Only dsRNA
Reovirus, “RepeatOvirus”
146
Naked RNA
“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus
147
2 circular DNAs
Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus
148
BK
Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)
149
Hepadna, Retrovirus?
No, but has reverse transcriptase
150
Picornovirus: “PERCH”
Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A
151
Hemorrhagic Fevers
221. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)
