Systems

Question 1

Nervous system:

Answer 1

Nervous system: the system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal in which messages are sent as an electrical and then a chemical impulse. It comprises the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Question 2

Central nervous system:

Answer 2

Central nervous system: the part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system:

Answer 3

Peripheral nervous system: made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and responds to change.

Question 4

Electrical impulses:

Answer 4

Electrical impulses: nerve signals that pass rapidly from the receptors and along the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system

Question 5

Electrical impulses:

Answer 5

Electrical impulses: nerve signals that pass rapidly from the receptors and along the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system

Question 6

Neurotransmitters:

Answer 6

Neurotransmitters: chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse

Question 7

Synapses:

Answer 7

Synapses: the gap between adjoining neurons across which electrical nervous impulses are sent

Question 8

Endocrine system:

Answer 8

Endocrine system: the body system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order to regulate processes in various organs

Question 9

Endocrine glands:

Answer 9

Endocrine glands: organs that produce hormones. Endocrine glands release their hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.

Question 10

Digestive:

Answer 10

Digestive: a complex series of organs and glands that processes food in order to supply your body with the nutrients it needs to function effectively

Question 11

Respiratory:

Answer 11

Respiratory: concerning the airways or breathing

Question 12

Circulatory:

Answer 12

Circulatory: the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood

Question 13

Excretory systems:

Answer 13

Excretory systems: the body system that removes waste substances from the body

Question 14

Respiratory system:

Answer 14

Respiratory system: the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 15

Trachea:

Answer 15

Trachea: narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

Question 16

Lungs:

Answer 16

Lungs: the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 17

Bronchi:

Answer 17

Bronchi: the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchus.

Question 18

Bronchioles:

Answer 18

Bronchioles: small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli

Question 19

Alveoli:

Answer 19

Alveoli: tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Capillaries:

Answer 20

Capillaries: minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries

Question 21

Enzymes:

Answer 21

Enzymes: special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 22

Neurotransmitters:

Answer 22

Neurotransmitters: chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse

Question 23

Norepinephrine:

Answer 23

Norepinephrine: also called noradrenaline; common neurotransmitter involved in arousal states

Question 24

Oxygen

Answer 24

Oxygen: a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

Question 25

Cellular respiration:

Answer 25

Cellular respiration: the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 26

Glucose: a r

Answer 26

Glucose: a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

Question 27

Carbon dioxide: a

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide: a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.

Question 28

Haemoglobin:

Answer 28

Haemoglobin: the red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Question 29

Pulmonary vein:

Answer 29

Pulmonary vein: the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart

Question 30

Aorta: a

Answer 30

Aorta: a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of your heart to your body

Question 31

Arterioles:

Answer 31

Arterioles: vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries

Question 32

Deoxygenated blood:

Answer 32

Deoxygenated blood: blood from which some oxygen has been removed

Question 33

Vena cava:

Answer 33

Vena cava: large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart

Question 34

Vena cava:

Answer 34

Vena cava: large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart

Question 35

Right ventricle:

Answer 35

Right ventricle: lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 36

Pulmonary artery:

Answer 36

Pulmonary artery: the vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs

Question 37

Enzymes

Answer 37

Enzymes: special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 38

Chemical digestion

Answer 38

Chemical digestion: the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 39

Mechanical digestion:

Answer 39

Mechanical digestion: digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 40

Bolus

Answer 40

Bolus: round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 41

Peristalsis:

Answer 41

Peristalsis: the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

Question 42

Villus

Answer 42

Villi: tiny finger-like projections from the wall of the intestine that maximise the surface area of the structure to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption. Singular = villus.

Question 43

Colon

Answer 43

Colon: the part of the large intestine where a food mass passes from the small intestine, and where water and other remaining essential nutrients are absorbed into your body

Question 44

Large intestine

Answer 44

Large intestine: the penultimate part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from the waste before it is transported out of the body

Question 45

Vitamin D

Answer 45

Vitamin D: a nutrient that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promotes the healthy growth and remodelling of bone, along with other functions

Question 46

Cellulose

Answer 46

Cellulose: a natural substance that keeps the cell walls of plants rigid

Question 47

Gall bladder

Answer 47

Gall bladder: a small organ that stores and concentrates bile within the body

Question 48

Nephrons

Answer 48

Nephrons: the filtration and excretory units of the kidney

Question 49

Ureters:

Answer 49

Ureters: tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder