Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio exam grade 11 > systems > Flashcards

systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

definition of external respiration

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the inspired air inside the lungs and the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

definition of internal respiration

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body’s tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two main requirements for respiration ?

A
  1. A large surface area

2. Moisture/wet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

definition of hemoglobin

A

an iron containing protein found in red blood cells, which binds to and transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to 99% of oxygen ? the other 1% ?

A

About 99% of O2 that reaches cells is carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells
Remaining 1% of O2 is dissolved in the watery blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much carbon dioxide is carried in the blood by hemoglobin ? what happens to the remaining percentage ?

A

23%

Remaining 77% of CO2 is carried in the blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does blood act like a bus ?

A

Picks up O2 (red people) and CO2 (blue people)
When an O2 person jumps off (delivered to the cells) a blue person get on the bus
When the bus is full of CO2, it goes to the heart, which pumps the bus to the lungs
The bus unloads the CO2, new batch of O2 load the bus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is pneumonia

A

alveoli fill with thick fluid, making gas exchange difficult
(Pneumonia is usually what people with AIDS dies from)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is asthma

A

airways are inflamed due to irritation, and bronchioles constrict due to muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does COPD stand for ?

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are COPD’s curable ?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name two COPD’s

A

Bronchitis & Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what causes COPD’s ?

A

smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is bronchitis ?

A

airways are inflamed due to infection (acute) or due to an irritant (chronic). Coughing brings up mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is emphysema ?

A

alveoli burst and fuse into enlarged air spaces. Surface area for gas exchange is reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is cystic fibrosis ?

A

thick, sticky mucous that clogs lungs; leads to difficulty in breathing
Different from the previous 4 because it is genetic
Mutation of a single gene
No cure

17
Q

name 5 respiratory disorders ?

A 
pneumonia 
asthma
bronchitis
emphysema
cystic fibrosis
18
Q

3 technologies for treating lung cancer are

A
  1. Radiation (killing the cancerous cells with radiation)
  2. Chemotherapy (treatment with drugs to destroy cancer cells)
  3. Surgery (using lasers to destroy tumors or surgically removing it)
19
Q

what are the main functions of circulation ?

A
  1. It transports gases from (the respiratory system), nutrient molecules, and waste materials (from the digestive system)
  2. It regulates internal temperature and transports chemical substances (hormones) that are vital to health from one part of the body to the other
  3. It protects against blood loss from injury (platelets) and against disease-causing microbes or toxic substances introduced into the body (immune system is attached)
20
Q

what are the 3 main components of circulation ?

A
  1. The heart
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Blood
21
Q

what are the two types of circulatory system ?

A
  1. open circulatory system

2. closed circulatory system

22
Q

definition of open circulatory system

A

a circulatory system in which vessels open into the animals’ body cavity (internal bleeding in humans)
ex. grasshopper

23
Q

definition of closed circulatory system

A

a circulatory system in which the circulating blood is contained within vessels and kept separate from the interstitial fluid
ex. worm

24
Q

what are the 3 types of blood vessels ?

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

25
Q

what percent of blood is in 1. veins

  1. arteries
  2. capillaries
A
  1. 65%
  2. 30%
  3. 5%
26
Q

where does diffusion happen ?

A

in the capillaries

27
Q

what happens when you drink alcohol ?

A

Alcohol opens your capillaries
Alcohol makes you warm
Temperature will drop if you’re still in the cold with alcohol in your system
It is only a good idea to have alcohol when you’re cold when you’re close to a warm place or already in a warm place

28
Q

what happens to your blood when you’re cold ?

A

The blood will go to the core (brain, heart) to keep you alive in cold weather
To retain heat, capillaries close

29
Q

what happens to your blood when you’re hot ?

A

• When you overheat, your blood travels to the extremities/surface (when your face turns red)
The blood is trying to get rid of the heat
to get rid of heat, capillaries open

30
Q

name 4 circulatory system disorders

A

arteriosclerosis
aneurysm
congenital heart defect
leukemia

31
Q

what is a stroke ?

A

bursting of a blood vessel near the brain

32
Q

what is a heart attack ?

A

bursting of blood vessel near the heart

33
Q

definition of arteriosclerosis

A

general term for several conditions in which the walls of arteries thicken and lose their elasticity
become harder
like putting your thumb over a hose

34
Q

what is the most common type of arteriosclerosis ?

A

atherosclerosis; condition in which plaque builds up on the inside of artery walls

35
Q

definition of aneurysm

A

a bulge in an artery or heart chamber caused by a weakened area of the heart muscle or arterial wall

36
Q

definition of congenital heart defect

A

a heart defect that is present from birth

37
Q

definition of leukemia

A

cancer of the white blood cells

38
Q

how to treat leukemia ?

A
  1. Blood transfusions (to increase the number of red blood cells and healthy white blood cells)
  2. Chemotherapy
  3. Bone marrow transplant (provides healthy marrow from which new, healthy white blood cells can grow)

bio exam grade 11 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions