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Multi Rating > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oil capacity on the PA44?

A

6 quarts, minimum 2 quarts, recommended 5 quarts.

grade listed in journey log!

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2
Q

Under what conditions will the landing gear warning sound set off?

A
  • Manifold under 14” with gear up
  • 25 or 40 degrees of flaps set
  • Squat switch engaged with gear up
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3
Q

Fuel capacity on PA-44:

A

55 gallons each engine nacelle

110 gallons total

108 usable

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4
Q

How many fuel pumps are on the PA44?

A

4 total. 2 are engine driven (automatically on when engines on) and two electric driven (can be manually selected on)

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5
Q

What does the PA44s electrical system consist of?

A

Each engine runs a 60 amp alternator at 14 volts

A single battery which runs at 35 amps at 12 volts

System is protected with a voltage overlay that activates at 17-volts

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6
Q

How can the aircraft be boosted?

A

Using external power; the port is located under the nose on the right side.

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7
Q

What is the normal range of the vacuum system?

A

4.8” to 5.2”, each engine has one!!

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8
Q

What pitot-static system does the PA44 utilize?

A

Pitot-static mast, located under wing.

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9
Q

Maximum ramp weight:

A

3816lbs

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10
Q

Max takeoff weight:

A

3800lbs

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11
Q

Max landing weight:

A

3800lbs

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12
Q

Max weight in baggage area:

A

200lbs

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13
Q

Maximum crosswind component:

A

17kts, remember it is for a dry runway! Refer to POH for different values.

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14
Q

Why is Vle retracting 109kts versus 140?

A

When the gear is retracting, it have to go against a lot of drag against the mechanical hydraulics of the landing gear to raise.

Edit: Going over 109 when retracting gear could cause damage to hydraulic components; could force the landing gear up faster than normal, causing damage.

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15
Q

Maximum baggage weight limit:

A

200lbs

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16
Q

Horsepower rating:

A

180

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17
Q

Maximum RPM (rotation sped):

A

2700RPM

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18
Q

What factors affect the single-engine climb performance?

A
  1. Critical engine in minimum drag configuration (secured)
  2. The remaining engine’s maximum continuous power
  3. Landing gear retracted or not
  4. Flap setting
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19
Q

What happens when your engine fails?

A

Depending on if the critical engine fails, you would experience more adverse affects. These affects are:

  • Asymmetric thrust will cause YAW towards the failed engine
  • This yaw will create a ROLL & induced flow (lift) over the operating engine wing will cause ROLL towards inop engine
  • Torque differential will also cause the roll to the dead engine

Asymmetric thrust
Induced flow (lift)
Torque

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20
Q

What determines the critical engine?

A
  1. P-Factor
  2. Induced flow
  3. Accelerated slipstream - props blow air along the rudder. When one of the props stops, it makes the rudder less effective
  4. Torque
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21
Q

What is p-factor?

A

Essentially means that the down-going prop creates more thrust than the up-going blade.

This causes the asymmetrical thrust

The LONGER the arm from the C of G means more yawing (p-factor)!!!

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22
Q

Asymmetric thrust causes what?

A

ROLL towards dead engine.

Lift x arm = moment to figure out the effect

23
Q

What is torque?

A

When the engine fails, a torque imbalance will be felt which affects mainly the roll to the dead engine.

(TORQUE MOVES IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION)

24
Q

Define service ceiling:

A

Highest altitude at which the aircraft can maintain a steady rate of climb of 100 fpm with both engines operating at full power.

25
Q

Define single-engine service ceiling:

A

Highest altitude at which the aircraft can maintain a steady rate of climb of 50 fpm with one engine operating at full power and one engine’s propeller feathered

26
Q

Define absolute ceiling:

A

Altitude where the climb is no longer possible with engine(s) operating at full power.

27
Q

What are the hours of maitnence for the PA-44?

A

Every 50, 100 and 200 hours, an inspection must take place.

28
Q

What documents are required on board?

A 
A- Airworthiness
R - Registration
O - Operational handbook (POH)
W- Weight & balance
J - Journey log
I - Insurance
L - Licenses
I - Intercept orders (optional, in AIM or CFS)
29
Q

Where can you find the intercept orders?

A

TC AIM or CFS.

30
Q

Name all v-speeds:

A 
Vso = 55kts
Vyse = 88kts
Vxse = 82kts
Va = @ 3800 - 135kts  @2700 - 112kts
Vmc = 56kts
Vle (extended) = 140kts
Vlo (extending) = 140kts
Vlo (retracting) - 109kts
Vfe = 111kts
Vsse = 82kts\

10 total

31
Q

While one engine is inop, what would flying the plane straight and level and ball centered indicate?

A

It would indicate a side slip; coordinator becomes useless.

32
Q

Define Vmc:

A

The minimum flight speed at which it is possible to retain control of the aeroplane and maintain straight flight, with maximum rudder deflection and not more than 5 degrees of bank, following sudden failure of the CRITICAL ENGINE.

Published and actual Vmc can be different!

33
Q

What is the recovery from Vmc?

A

Reduce power on operative engine (balance out power) and pitch the nose down at the same time.

34
Q

What will a wind-milling prop have on Vmc?

A

It will increase Vmc. The windmilling prop creates ALOT of drag, which makes the power imbalance much worse, thus making the aircraft more unstable thus increasing Vmc.

35
Q

What are the 1 year items?

A
  • Compass swing
  • Tachometer
  • ELT Recertification
36
Q

What are the 2 year items?

A
  • Transponder
  • ELT battery
  • Pitot-static system
37
Q

Why shouldn’t carburetor heat be used on the ground?

A

Because it opens up a valve that allows unfiltered air hat could enter the system.

38
Q

Factors affecting Vmca:

A
  1. Gear position
  2. Density altitude
  3. Weight
  4. C of G
  5. Ground effect
  6. Whether or not the critical engine has failed
  7. Flaps
  8. Cowl flaps
39
Q

How does density altitude impact Vmca?

A

High density altitude = no engine performance = if engine quits, effects are not as bad
Low density altitude = better engine performance = if engine quits, big effect on aircraft stability

Sea level = bad single engine performance
High level = good single engine performance

40
Q

How does weight affect Vmca?

A

Weight does not affect Vmca in straight and level, only when the aircraft is in a bank. Causes a sideslip toward OPERATIVE engine. More weight means a more well-rounded, stable aircraft at Vmca.

Lighter the aircraft, the higher the Vmca.

Heavier the aircraft, the more rigid the aircraft, thus the lower the Vmca.

41
Q

How does centre of gravity affect Vmca?

A

A more aft C of G reduces the rudders effectiveness. This will create less stability and raise the Vmca.

42
Q

How does the landing gear affect Vmca?

A

It affect the C of G! Putting the gear down could bring the C of G more forward and creating more rudder effectiveness.

Gear up = Vmca goes up
Gear down = Vmca goes down

Can also straighten out wind.

43
Q

How do flaps affect Vmca?

A

Flaps will increase drag and lift. Flaps on the operating engine side will offset some power, by deflecting air the same as the inop. side.

Flaps down = Vmca goes down!

Flaps up = Vmca goes up!

44
Q

How will a windmilling prop affect Vmca?

A

Windmilling prop reates the most drag, thus a huge power differential. This makes it more unstable, and raises Vmca.

45
Q

How will ground effect, affect Vmca?

A

Ground affect is always good, creating a cushion by creating less drag and more lift.

46
Q

With an engine out, what happens to the turn coordinator?

A

If you attempt to keep it centered, you will be actually initializing a slip, which is bad.

47
Q

How would you snag an aircraft?

A

Leave a space open then on the 2nd line write in the defect and sign the journey log.

Ultimately up to WWFC maintenance for outcome (snag or not)

48
Q

What can invalidate the C of A?

A
  • Failure to comply with ADs
  • Failure to maintain maintenance scheduling
  • Any major or minor incident
  • Any open snag/defect in the journey log
49
Q

Is the journey log required to be onboard?

A

It is required to be on board unless the pilot is planning on departing and landing at the same aerodrome.

50
Q

Are inspections based on air time or flight time?

A

Air time (wheels up, wheels down)

51
Q

What are the out-of-phase items?

A

1 year:

  • ELT
  • Tachometer
  • Compass swing

2 year:

  • ELT Battery
  • Transponder
  • Pitot-static system
52
Q

What does the multi engine rating allow you to do?

A

To fly any land aircraft that does not require a type rating.

53
Q

What state is the inoperative engine in for Vmca speed?

A

Windmilling, not secured, allowing for maximum drag and inadequate stability.

Multi Rating (3 decks)

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