Systemic risk factors 3

Question 1

look at these local risk factors

• Oral factors that increase plaque accumulation or occlusal forces
• Deficient restorations e.g. overhangs
• Badly designed dentures or bridgework
• Carious cavities
• Anatomy of embrasures, contact points, teeth
• Orthodontic appliances
• Mouth breathers
• Crowding

Question 2

define risk markers

Answer 2

sign disease is present

Question 3

name 4 risk markers for periodontal disease

Answer 3

Bleeding on probing
Mobility
LOA
Suppuration

Question 4

how does perio disease link to systemic chronic inflammation?

Answer 4

Leaky pocket epithelium so bacteria, their toxins and inflammatory mediators (cytokines) can pass through into the blood stream (bacteraemia)

This can make systemic chronic inflammation worse

Risk factors are linked also

Question 5

how can perio disease affect cardiovascular disease?

Answer 5

perio pathogens can cause
- blood clots
- antibodies produced against itself causing damage of host cells
- tissue damage and athersclerotic plaque formation through attaching to endothelial cells and attracting macrophages

perio inflammation causes release of inflammatory mediators which damage vessels leading to atherosclerosis

Question 6

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 6

build up of substances (plaque) on the artery wall

Question 7

there is limited evidence but what is the link found between perio disease and covid 19?

Answer 7

Study suggests that patients with periodontal disease are more likely to be admitted to ICU, need a ventilator and die from Covid-19

Covid associated with extreme systemic inflammation

Question 8

what is Alzheimer’s disease caused by

Answer 8

increased levels of toxic forms of Aβ peptides in the brain

Question 9

what is the link between Alzheimer’s disease and perio disease?

Answer 9

Periodontitis increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s

Periodontitis linked to increased cognitive decline Alzheimer’s patients

Question 10

the link between Alzheimer’s disease and periodontitis is caused by? 3

Answer 10

perio pathogens can enter the brain, cause neuro-inflammation leading to increased Aβ peptide formation

perio macrophages can prime microglia (brain macrophages) promoting neuro-inflammation

perio neutrophils can enter brain leading to neuro-inflammation

Question 11

what is the link between rheumatoid arthritis and perio disease?

Answer 11

Affects the hands affecting the ability to carry out OH

Periodontitis increasing systemic inflammation which worsens RA