Systemic Response to Injury

Question 1

Cellular injury is clinically manifested as

Answer 1

Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea and leukocytosis

Question 2

Products of cellular damage

Answer 2

Alarmins
DAMPs
PAMPs + TLRs

Question 3

Best characterized DAMP in the context of the injury-associated inflammatory response

Answer 3

HMGB1

Question 4

Key players in DAMP/TLR interaction

Answer 4

Proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins

Question 5

A proteoglycan that is identified as TLR ligand

Answer 5

Biglycan

Question 6

First human TLR

Answer 6

TLR4

Question 7

Large family of proteins composed of intracellular PRRs that sense both endogenous and exogenous molecules

Answer 7

NLRs

Question 8

Soluble pattern recognition molecules that share a conserved mode of action that is defined by complement activation, agglutination and neutralization, and opsonization

Answer 8

Pentraxins

Question 9

PRM synthesized in the liver in response to IL-6

Answer 9

C-reactive protein

Question 10

Marker of pro-inflammatory response in patients with appendicitis, vasculitis and ulcerative colitis

Answer 10

C-reactive protein

Question 11

A long pentraxin that increases rapidly in sepsis

Answer 11

PTX3

Question 12

Activation of TLRs in the absence of bacterial pathogensl

Answer 12

Sterile inflammation

Question 13

Activation of inflammasome result in cleavage of pro-caspase 1 into two products that assemble to form the?

Answer 13

IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE)

Question 14

Clinical manifestation of SIRS

Answer 14

2 or more:
Temp >= 38oC
HR >= 90bpm
RR >= 20 breaths/min or PaCO2 <= 32mmHg or mechanical ventilation
WBC >= 12,000/ul or <= 4,000/ul or >= 10% band forms

Question 15

Clinical manifestation of sepsis

Answer 15

Infection + SIRS

Question 16

Features/Clinical manifestation of infection

Answer 16

Identifiable source of microbial insult

Question 17

Clinical manifestation of severe sepsis

Answer 17

Sepsis + organ dysfunction

Question 18

Clinical manifestation of septic shock

Answer 18

Sepsis + cardiovascular collapse (requires vasopressors)

Question 19

JAK-STAT signaling bind to receptors termed?

Answer 19

Type I/II cytokine receptors

Question 20

Family of tyrosine kinases that mediate the signal transduction for all type I/II cytokine receptors

Answer 20

Janus kinases