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Surgery I > Hemostasis, Surgical Bleeding and Transfusion > Flashcards

Hemostasis, Surgical Bleeding and Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Hemostatic process involves interaction between

A

Blood vessel wall, platelets, coagulation factors

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2
Q

Major physiologic processes that participate interdependently in the hemostatic process

A

Vascular constriction, platelet plug formation, fibrin formation, fibrinolysis

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3
Q

Normal circulating number of platelets

A

150,000-400,000/ul

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4
Q

Average life span of platelets

A

7-10 days

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5
Q

T/F: Heparin interferes with primary hemostasis

A

False

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6
Q

Primary vs secondary hemostasis

A

Primary - response of blood vessel and platelet to injured vessel
Secondary - response of protein coagulation factors to the injury

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7
Q

Secondary hemostasis is inhibited by

A

Aspirin, NSAIDs, cAMP, NO

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8
Q

Associated with abnormal function of intrinsic pathway

A

Elevated activated partial thromboplastin time

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9
Q

Associated with abnormal extrinsic pathway

A

Elevated prothrombin time

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10
Q

Prothrombinase complex

A

Factor Xa, Va, Ca2+, phospholipid

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11
Q

T/F: Fibrinolysis begins at the same time as clot formation is initiated

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: Acquired defects are much more common than acquired platelet abnormalities

A

False

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13
Q

Excess of RBCs leading to spontaneous thrombosis

A

Polycythemia

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14
Q

Etiology of thrombocytopenia in patients with liver disease is typically related to

A

Hypersplenism

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15
Q

Vitamin k dependent factors

A

X, IX, VII, II

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16
Q

Key initiators of coagulopathy of trauma

A

Shock and tissue injury

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17
Q

Hallmark of APLS

A

Prolonged aPTT in vitro but an increased risk of thrombosis of thrombosis in vivo

18
Q

Most common complication of warfarin therapy

A

Abdominal bleeding

19
Q

Most common indication for blood transfusion for surgical patients

A

Volume replacement

20
Q

Increase in temperature associated with transfusion

A

Nonhemolytic Reactions

21
Q

Occurs with rapid infusion of blood, plasma expanders, and crystalloid especially in older patients with underlying heart disease

A

TACO

22
Q

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema related to transfusion

A

TRALI

23
Q

Occur with the administration of ABO-incompatible blood and is fatal

A

Acute Reactions

24
Q

Occur when an individual has low antibody titer at the time of transfusion but increases resulting from an anamnestic response

A

Delayed reactions

25
Q

T/F: Hypothermia is indicated if antibodies present in hight titer

A

False

26
Q

What should always be performed before the administration of dextran

A

Cross-matching

27
Q

Shelf life of RBCs

A

42 days

28
Q

T/F: Frozen RBCs are not available for use in emergencies

A

True

29
Q

Shelf life of platelets

A

120 hours from time of donation

30
Q

Indications for platelet transfusion

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia caused by massive blood loss and replacement with platelet-poor products
  2. Thrombocytopenia caused by inadequate production
  3. Qualitative platelet disorders
31
Q

Usual source of vitamin k-dependent factors and is the only source of factor V

A

Fresh frozen plasma

32
Q

Prothrombin time measures the function of which factors?

A

I, II, V, VII, X

33
Q

PT reagent

A

Thromboplastin and calcium

34
Q

Used to account for variations in thromboplastin activity

A

International Normalized Ratio

35
Q

aPTT measures the function of which factors

A

I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XII

36
Q

aPTT reagent

A

Phospholipid substitute, activator, calcium

37
Q

Most commonly used evaluation of bleeding time because it is more accurate than capillary test

A

Ivy test

38
Q

Used to evaluate platelet and vascular dysfunction

A

Bleeding time

39
Q

Used to better assess the complex and rapidly changing interactions of an actively bleeding patient

A

Whole blood visco-elasticity testing

40
Q

Only test measuring all dynamic steps of clot formation until eventual clot lysis or retraction

A

TEG

Surgery I (3 decks)

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